Tag: <span>james mackenzie</span>

June 23, 2026

Dr. James Mackenzie: Cardiology Pioneer & Polygraph Inventor

Dr. James Mackenzie invented the first polygraph for cardiology in the 1890s. Learn how his medical device became the foundation for modern lie detection.

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March 26, 2026

James Mackenzie’s Ink Polygraph: How a Cardiologist Built Lie Detection

How Sir James Mackenzie's 1902 clinical ink polygraph — built to diagnose heart disease — became the technological ancestor of modern lie detection instruments.

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March 16, 2026

Mackenzie’s Study of the Pulse & Birth of the Polygraph

Discover how Sir James Mackenzie's 1902 ink polygraph, built for cardiac diagnostics, became the technological ancestor of the modern lie detector.

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