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Legal Admissibility
This topic encompasses 223 peer-reviewed studies, primarily in the field of legal & policy studies. Research in this area spans from the 0s to the 2020s.
223Studies
0s–2020sSpan
15Categories
260Researchers
Research categories
Key researchers
Studies tagged “Legal Admissibility” [223]
All 223 peer-reviewed studies in this research area, sorted by year.
[001]
(2025)
Artificial Intelligence in Witness Credibility Assessment: The Role of Biometrics, Voice Analytics and Machine Learning in Judicial Cross-Examination
Journal of Asian Development Studies Neural Networks achieved 97% accuracy and 98% recall in witness credibility assessment, with 98% true positive rate, significantly outperforming voice analytics (92%) and other models,… [002] (2025)High-Risk AI Systems—Lie Detection Application
Future Internet AI lie detection systems at borders qualify as high-risk under EU AI Act requirements. Analysis of iBorderCtrl revealed 75% claimed accuracy but 24.45% false positive… [003] (2025)The Legal Status of the Polygraph in Germany
European Polygraph German courts have maintained a seven-decade legal barrier against polygraph use in criminal proceedings, with reasoning evolving from constitutional objections to methodological skepticism. [004] (2025)Psychophysiological Studies Involving the Use of Polygraph: Possibilities and Limitations Within the Framework of Criminal Proceedings (on the 50th Anniversary of Legalization of Polygraph Use in Russia)
Forensics analyst The paper addresses ongoing controversy over polygraph admissibility in Russian courts despite 50 years of official use, defending the scientific validity of psychophysiological examinations while… [005] (2025)Використання в доказуванні результатів досліджень, проведених із застосуванням поліграфа
Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs The study concludes that polygraph results are probabilistic in nature and cannot serve as conclusive evidence without strict procedural controls, identifying critical problems including lack… [006] (2025)Pengaturan Hukum Penggunaan Detektor Kebohongan (Lie Detector/ Polygraph) dalam Proses Hukum Acara Pidana
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan Polygraph results cannot serve as independent evidence in Indonesian criminal proceedings due to absence of clear legal basis and potential human rights violations. The vague… [007] (2025)The Truth about Lie Detection Test: Admissibility of Expert Evidence on Polygraph
The paper analyzes major evidentiary standards governing polygraph admissibility, including the transition from the Frye general acceptance test to the more flexible Daubert reliability standard… [008] (2025)Positioning and Standardization Pathways of Polygraph Technology in Judicial Proof
Journal of Sociology and Education Polygraph technology should serve an auxiliary rather than determinative role in judicial proof, requiring standardization across technical protocols, personnel qualifications, procedural legitimacy, and result review… [009] (2025)The Ocular Motor Deception Test (ODT): A Critical Review of Scientific Validity, Legal Risk, and Operational Readiness
Invictus Polygraph (White Paper) The review identifies significant concerns about ODT's foundational assumptions, noting that physiological markers like pupil dilation primarily reflect general cognitive processes rather than deception-specific states. [010] (2025)Prerequisites and challenges of the use of information obtained through a polygraph as evidence in criminal proceedings
Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law The study identifies two fundamental regulatory deficiencies: the absence of legislatively defined methodologies for psychophysiological examinations and the lack of formal classification systems for qualifying… [011] (2025)Damned If You Don’t: Public Perceptions of Polygraph Testing and Suspect Willingness to Be Tested
Legal and Criminological Psychology Survey of 302 individuals found the average public rating of polygraph accuracy was 71% for detecting deception and 67% for truthfulness. Willingness to take a… [012] (2025)Use of the Polygraph during Interrogation: Procedural, Forensic, and Psychological Issues
Herald of criminal justice International jurisprudence demonstrates polygraphs are inadmissible as independent evidence but may serve as auxiliary pre-trial tools. Specialist reports must use presence/absence of significant reactions formula,… [013] (2024)Psychology and the Lie Detector Industry: A Fifty-Year Perspective
Psychophysiology Comprehensive 50-year retrospective on polygraph science since Lykken (1974). Reviews the evolution of CQT, CIT, and screening tests. Notes that government promotion has expanded polygraph… [014] (2024)March/April Issue: Deception
Anthropology News Leading polygraph experts testified against each other in federal court; the author's training revealed that supposedly objective scoring rules proved difficult to apply consistently; historical… [015] (2024)Prueba pericial psicológica sobre la credibilidad del testimonio en víctimas de violaciones sexuales [Psychological expert evidence on the credibility of testimony of rape victims]
Verdad y Derecho. Revista Arbitrada de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales Psychological credibility assessments focusing on coherence and emotional congruence can support testimony veracity while minimizing bias and preventing victim re-traumatization in sexual assault cases. [016] (2024)Polygraph Examination in Lithuania: History, Legal Framework, and Practice
European Polygraph Lithuania represents a unique case in continental Europe by establishing comprehensive legal frameworks for polygraph use since 1992, primarily employing the Event Knowledge Test in… [017] (2024)Assessing the Reliability and Evidentiary Value of Polygraph Tests
International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research The review concludes that polygraph tests lack the scientific reliability necessary for use as definitive legal evidence. While proponents cite 80-90% accuracy under controlled settings,… [018] (2024)The Effectiveness of The Polygraph Instrument (Lie Detector) As Evidance In Court
Andalas Law Journal Polygraph results occupy an auxiliary evidentiary position in Indonesian courts—permitted to assist judges but excluded from primary evidence status under the Criminal Procedure Code's requirements,… [019] (2024)ДЕЯКІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПОЛІГРАФА У КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ ПРОВАДЖЕННІ В УКРАЇНІ ТА СВІТІ
Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs kogo Derzhavnogo Universytety Vnutrishnikh Sprav Ukrainian courts demonstrate inconsistent approaches to polygraph evidence admissibility, with some courts recognizing forensic psychophysiological examinations as valid evidence while others reject polygraph results due… [020] (2024)How Reliable are Polygraph Examinations in Criminal Investigations? An Empirical Assessment
Criminal Law Bulletin Polygraphs yield unreliable conclusions in approximately 50 to 65 percent of cases involving innocent individuals—worse than a coin flip—when those individuals truthfully denied crimes they… [021] (2024)The use of a polygraph in the investigation of criminal offences: problems of tactics and legal regulation
Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence The research revealed dual judicial approaches in Ukraine—some courts recognize polygraph evidence while others reject it entirely—and identified three pending legislative bills aimed at regulation.… [022] (2023)Polygraph Testing in Criminal Proceedings: Safe and Sound or Swimming Against the Tide? A Legal and Criminological-Psychological Analysis Based on its Use in Belgium
European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Belgium performs over 300 Comparison Question Tests annually for serious offenses including murder, rape, theft, and arson, operated by five specially trained police officers, despite… [023] (2023)Polygraph Testing in Criminal Proceedings: A Legal and Criminological-Psychological Analysis Based on its Use in Belgium
European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Belgium represents a unique case in Western Europe by formally codifying polygraph use in criminal investigations at a time when most European countries have avoided… [024] (2023)PENGGUNAAN POLIGRAF (LIE DETECTOR) DALAM PEMBUKTIAN PERKARA PERSETUBUHAN ANAK
Verstek Polygraph evidence in the Indonesian child sexual assault case was deemed admissible as documentary evidence under Article 184(1) KUHAP, but strictly as complementary evidence requiring… [025] (2023)State v. Pierce: Refining the Standard for the Admission of Polygraph Evidence
Tennessee Journal of Law and Policy The Tennessee Supreme Court ruled that polygraph evidence is inherently unreliable and therefore inadmissible at sentencing, including in sex offender risk assessment reports, ending the… [026] (2023)Keberadaan Lie Detector dalam Pembuktian Tindak Pidana
Jurnal Justice Aswaja Lie detector evidence is not recognized as primary evidence in Indonesian criminal trials but can be admitted as expert testimony under Article 184(1) of KUHAP… [027] (2023)The influence of false evidence ploy variants on perceptions of coercion and deception
Journal of Forensic Psychology: Research and Practice Participants failed to distinguish between the FEP and bluff tactics in terms of deceptiveness or coercion, and neither deception type nor interrogation length (1 vs.… [028] (2023)Getting the better understanding of truth: Diving into the polygraph test
Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine Three case studies illustrate how voluntary polygraph examinations using the Control Question Test format can assist criminal investigations in India's consent-based legal framework, though the… [029] (2023)Legal principles of polygraph use in the field of corruption prevention: international experience
Cuestiones Políticas The study identifies diverse international approaches to polygraph regulation in corruption prevention, with Japan operating approximately 70 polygraph examiners across police laboratories and some jurisdictions… [030] (2022)What counts as a lie in and out of the courtroom? The effect of discourse genre on lie judgments
From Lying to Perjury Participants judged false implicatures to be less of a lie when they came from witnesses testifying under oath in a courtroom compared to the same… [031] (2022)Deception in Police Interrogations
Justice, Crime, and Ethics U.S. courts have consistently upheld police deception as constitutionally permissible under most circumstances, though research shows these tactics contribute to false confessions, particularly among vulnerable… [032] (2022)Psychological, Organizational and Legal Aspects of the Use of Polygraph for the Evaluation of Reliability of Candidates to Security, Defense and Law Enforcement Agencies
Juridical psychology The full text was unavailable for review. The paper appears to provide a theoretical and legal analysis of polygraph screening practices in Russian security agencies,… [033] (2022)Assessment of Credibility of Testimony in Alleged Intimate Partner Violence: A Case Report
Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice The structured assessment using the Six-Factor test and B-SAFER concluded the alleged victim's testimony was of low credibility, finding no police reports, inconsistent medical evidence,… [034] (2022)ADMISSIBILITY AND EVIDENCE OF THE RESULTS OF THE CONDUCTED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH WITH THE USE OF A POLYGRAPH
Juridical scientific and electronic journal Ukrainian courts demonstrate inconsistent approaches to polygraph admissibility, with some accepting forensic psychological examination conclusions as valid evidence while appellate courts and the Supreme Court… [035] (2021)Zombie forensics: the use of the polygraph and the integrity of the criminal justice system in England and Wales
International Journal of Evidence & Proof The study concludes that polygraph use in probation creates a detrimental contradiction to legal order integrity, as it relies on scientifically invalid methods while being… [036] (2021)Reconciling Adapted Psychological Profiling with the New European Data Protection Legislation
Studies in Computational Intelligence The paper identifies a fundamental challenge in reconciling black-box artificial neural network systems with GDPR's requirement that individuals receive meaningful explanations of automated profiling decisions,… [037] (2021)THE POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION FROM THE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
AGORA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JURIDICAL SCIENCES Polygraph examinations in Romania serve investigative functions including suspect elimination and statement verification, but require proper expert certification and must be corroborated with other evidence… [038] (2021)Not 'very English' – on the use of the polygraph by the penal system in England and Wales
The Journal of Criminal Law All arguments used by proponents to justify state polygraph use fail when subjected to detailed critique, and FOI research revealed concerning lack of consistency in… [039] (2020)The essence of the polygraph method and its usage in Bulgaria
5th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences: Conference Proceedings Bulgaria operates under a unique legal framework where polygraph evidence must be incorporated into psychological expert testimony rather than standing alone. Commercial polygraph use has… [040] (2020)THE USE OF A POLYGRAPH DURING THE INVESTIGATION OF MURDERS INVOLVING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics The study concluded that polygraph use in criminal proceedings, particularly for domestic violence murder investigations, has practical application potential and can create appropriate conditions for… [041] (2020)Trying an Accused Serial Sexual Harasser for Libel in a US Civil Court
European Polygraph The paper provides a blueprint for collaboration between victims, polygraph experts, statisticians, and attorneys to litigate libel suits using hypothesis-testing frameworks and comparative controlled designs. [042] (2020)A Study on the Development of the Admissibility of Polygraph Tests in India
SSRN Electronic Journal Both American and Indian legal systems have adopted highly restrictive positions on polygraph admissibility—the U.S. based primarily on scientific unreliability and failure to meet evidentiary… [043] (2020)THE USE OF POLYGRAPH TESTING RESULTS IN CRIMINAL CASE PROVING
Russian investigator Polygraph results occupy an ambiguous position in Russian criminal evidence law—usable by investigators and potentially admissible through expert testimony, but not considered a standalone source… [044] (2020)Uncovering Credibility
The Oxford Handbook of Law and Humanities Evidence law relies on a false equivalence between detecting liars and determining who should be believed, using status-based proxies for social worthiness rather than scientifically… [045] (2020)Technologies in the twilight zone: early lie detectors, machine learning and reformist legal realism
International Review of Law, Computers & Technology The study reveals a dual-system phenomenon where polygraphs were consistently excluded from courtrooms under the Frye standard yet flourished in employment screening, investigation, and interrogation—a… [046] (2020)THE ADMISSIBILITY OF POLYGRAPH TEST AS EVIDENCE
Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2020- 7th International Conference on Education and Education of Social Sciences The paper identifies significant jurisdictional variation in polygraph admissibility standards, with some courts maintaining per se exclusion while others admit results under stipulation or specific… [047] (2020)5 Costs and Consequences of Deception, Coercion, and False Confessions: The Norfolk Four
Understanding Police Interrogation All four wrongfully convicted sailors passed polygraph tests but were falsely told they failed; extended interrogations of 8-11 hours produced false confessions that were later… [048] (2019)Current Status of Forensic Lie Detection with the Comparison Question Technique: An Update
Law and Human Behavior Updated review of CQT research, reaffirming conclusions from the NRC (2003). Argued for caution in interpreting CQT accuracy claims, noting potential overestimation in experimental studies.… [049] (2019)Why refugee visa credibility assessments lack credibility: a critical discourse analysis
Griffith Law Review Credibility assessments rely on flawed language ideologies that assign sole authorship to asylum seekers while erasing the roles of interpreters, decision-makers, and institutional processes. This… [050] (2019)The impact of hedged testimony on judgments of credibility
Applied Cognitive Psychology Without cross-examination, participants counterintuitively rated testimony as more credible when the assault occurred 15 years ago (age 4 encoding). However, with cross-examination, participants appropriately rated… [051] (2019)Can fMRI discriminate between deception and false memory? A meta-analytic comparison between deception and false memory studies
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews Deception, relative to false memory, showed increased activation in the right superior temporal gyrus, right insula, left inferior parietal lobule, and right superior frontal gyrus,… [052] (2019)Appendix B. State Supreme Court Decisions for Polygraph Evidence
Black Robes, White Coats The appendix reveals highly inconsistent treatment of polygraph evidence across state supreme courts, with jurisdictions adopting per se bans, stipulation requirements, or case-by-case discretion, reflecting… [053] (2018)Who Speaks for Neuroscience? Neuroimaging Evidence and Courtroom Expertise
Case Western Reserve Law Review The paper identifies that no clear standard exists for determining which medical or scientific professionals are qualified to interpret neuroimaging evidence in court, creating risks… [054] (2018)Is a polygraph a reliable lie detector?
Polygraphs provide only 'slight' confidence in truth-telling with no 100% reliable indicator of deception. The Supreme Court found no consensus on polygraph reliability, noting polygraph… [055] (2018)Evaluating Credibility of Witnesses – are We Instructing Jurors on Invalid Factors?
Journal of Tort Law Meta-analytic evidence demonstrates that people achieve only 54% accuracy in lie-truth judgments (compared to 50% chance), nonverbal cues show weak effect sizes (d = .25),… [056] (2018)Does the Law Circumvent Justice from Being Served?
European Polygraph The study likely identifies specific ways in which legal procedures may circumvent or obstruct the proper administration of justice. [057] (2018)Polygraph Examination in Poland: History, Law, Experimental Research, and Practice
European Polygraph Poland developed one of Europe's most established polygraph traditions with systematic criminal justice use since 1963 and explicit legal authorization since 2003, but utilization remains… [058] (2018)Current status of forensic lie detection with the comparison question technique: An update of the 2003 National Academy of Sciences report on polygraph testing
Law and Human Behavior Research quality has not improved in the 15 years since the NAS report, and fundamental problems with CQT validation—weak theoretical foundations, poor study quality, and… [059] (2018)UTILIZATION OF POLYGRAPH IN ORDER TO QUALIFY SUBJECTIVE ASPECT OF PERPETRATOR OF A PROHIBITED ACT
Acta Iuris Stetinensis Polygraph examinations are legally permissible in Poland under Article 199a to help assess defendant mental states, though results serve as evidentiary support rather than dispositive… [060] (2018)Lie Detection and the Law
The polygraph persists in legal systems not through scientific validity but through strategic management of uncertainty and migration to less-regulated legal spaces like interrogations and… [061] (2018)The polygraph machine in the United States criminal courts
Lie Detection and the Law The three-category heuristic for polygraph admissibility obscures significant complexity in how courts negotiate scientific uncertainty, with polygraph evidence following different trajectories across jurisdictions and persisting… [062] (2018)The exclusionary toolkit
Lie Detection and the Law Courts employ a systematic 'exclusionary toolkit' of legal strategies to exclude polygraph evidence, constructing and deploying scientific uncertainty through challenges to validity, reliability concerns, and… [063] (2018)Torture, technology and truth
Lie Detection and the Law Lie detection technologies function as much through social and legal processes as through scientific capabilities, with uncertainties being managed differently across contexts. The work demonstrates… [064] (2017)Detecting deception in children: A meta-analysis.
Law and Human Behavior Adults accurately discriminated children's truths from lies at only 54%, barely above chance. A strong truth bias emerged: adults correctly identified true statements 63.8% of… [065] (2017)Nonverbal Detection of Deception
Oxford Scholarship Online Nonverbal cues to deception are faint and unreliable, with popular indicators like gaze aversion showing near-zero effect sizes (d = 0.03). Only 28% of studied… [066] (2017)Can credibility criteria be assessed reliably? A meta-analysis of Criteria-based Content Analysis
Psychological Assessment Most CBCA criteria showed acceptable interrater reliability across different statistical measures, though Cohen's kappa yielded lower reliability estimates than other indices. [067] (2017)CRIMINALISTIC INVESTIGATION USING A POLYGRAPH: RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE
Sociopolitical Sciences Russian polygraph practice achieves legal admissibility through the theoretical framework of 'ideal traces' and formal forensic psychophysiological examination procedures, representing a significant departure from Western… [068] (2017)Examinee Assessment of Distress Caused by Polygraph Examination
European Polygraph The study provides empirical data on examinee-reported distress levels during polygraph examinations, addressing legal and ethical concerns about the arduousness of testing. [069] (2017)Polygraph Examinations of Civil Servants in Poland
European Polygraph The paper reviews Polish legislation authorizing polygraph use in security agencies including the Internal Security Agency, Central Anticorruption Bureau, and military intelligence services. [070] (2017)The Polygraph in the English Courts
The Journal of Criminal Law The paper argues there is little English case law preventing polygraph use and that comparative reliability analysis suggests polygraphs may be more accurate than unaided… [071] (2017)Abracadabra, hocus pocus, same song, different chorus: The newest iteration of the science of lie detection
Richmond Journal of Law and Technology All emerging lie detection technologies (ODT, ERP, fMRI) fail to meet scientific standards for forensic use because they measure indirect physiological phenomena without understanding the… [072] (2016)DECEPTION DETECTION TECHNIQUES USING POLYGRAPH IN TRIALS: CURRENT STATUS AND SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice The review found that the GKT was more theoretically sound and effective than the CQT, and that juror-eligible individuals varied in their ability to reasonably… [073] (2016)Scientific (Analytic) Theory of Polygraph Testing
APA Magazine The analytic theory provides a unified framework explaining polygraph responses through differential physiological loading rather than specific emotional states, offering a scientifically defensible basis that… [074] (2016)Review of fMRI Studies on Lie Detection (16 Studies)
Various Publications Review of 16 empirical studies using fMRI for deception detection. Found that inconsistency between findings and absence of replications make fMRI not yet scientifically reliable… [075] (2016)Report from the National Conference on the Instrumental and Non-Instrumental Methods of Detection of Deception – Current Legal Framework and the State of the Science – Rzeszów, 10–11 June 2016
European Polygraph The conference brought together Polish and international experts to discuss legal admissibility, scientific validation, and professional standards for both traditional polygraph testing and emerging non-instrumental… [076] (2015)Public Law 100 – 347
Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice The Act prohibits private sector employers from requiring, using, or basing employment decisions on lie detector tests, with narrow exemptions for national security, ongoing theft… [077] (2015)The Admissibility of Polygraph Test Results
Journal of hongik law review Park argues that South Korean courts should reconsider the categorical inadmissibility of polygraph evidence established in 1979, noting that polygraph testing demonstrates 91-97% accuracy and… [078] (2015)Polygraphs and 280 Wrongful Conviction Exonerations
ResearchGate Across 281 wrongful conviction exoneration cases, polygraphs correctly pointed toward the truth in approximately 80% of completed examinations; 100% of exoneree polygraph failures occurred before… [079] (2015)The comparative advantages of brain-based lie detection
The International Journal of Evidence & Proof P300 CIT could serve as a credible signaling mechanism in pre-trial bargaining, allowing innocent defendants to distinguish themselves from guilty ones through voluntary testing, offering… [080] (2015)Using fMRI for Lie Detection: Ready for Court?
Psychiatric Expert Testimony: Emerging Applications Courts in United States v. Semrau and Wilson v. Corestaff rejected fMRI lie detection evidence, finding it failed Daubert reliability standards due to unknown real-world… [081] (2015)On the possibility of using a polygraph to take testimony in court proceedings
Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta The analysis identified significant gaps in Russian legal regulation of polygraph testing, with courts facing uncertain standards for admissibility and examinees lacking standardized procedural protections… [082] (2015)Polygraph legal issues
Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice Polygraph admissibility varies dramatically by jurisdiction, from per se exclusion in most federal and state courts to permissive admission in New Mexico. EPPA prohibits most… [083] (2014)British Experiences of Polygraph Testing Sexual Offenders: an Update
European Polygraph Mandatory pilot data from 635 offenders showed significantly more clinically relevant disclosures compared to non-polygraphed controls. The UK implemented testing protocols requiring examinations within 8-16… [084] (2014)Results of Polygraph Examinations: Direct or Circumstantial Evidence?
European Polygraph Polygraph results are classified as circumstantial evidence requiring logical inference rather than direct evidence, which helps explain judicial resistance to their admission in court proceedings. [085] (2014)Polygraph examination in analysis of evidence
European Polygraph The paper provides a systematic framework for understanding polygraph results in relation to fundamental concepts in evidence law and forensic science, including the distinction between… [086] (2014)Deception in the interrogation room
PsycEXTRA Dataset Courts permit extensive deception during interrogations, including fabricating evidence, but draw lines at misrepresenting legal rights. Legal boundaries remain unclear and case-specific under the totality-of-the-circumstances… [087] (2014)False Confessions
Encyclopedia of Deception Polygraph examiners interpret ambiguous charts as indicating deception when told suspects confessed; false claims of polygraph failure have caused documented false confessions; police are legally… [088] (2014)Metodicheskie sredstva sudebno-psikhofiziologicheskoy ekspertizy s primeneniem poligrafa
Yuridicheskaya psikhologiya The paper establishes mandatory certification, minimum three years of examiner experience, minimum five control tests per examination, and standardized protocols for transforming operational polygraph interrogation… [089] (2014)Deception in Police Interrogation
Justice, Crime, and Ethics The authors identified eight types of deceptive interrogation tactics routinely used and judicially accepted, argued that deception in interrogation increases likelihood of deception in testimony,… [090] (2014)80 Proposals to STOP Wrongful Convictions: Before the End of This Decade
Book The book estimates approximately 40,000 actually innocent individuals are incarcerated in the U.S. at any given time, and proposes that universal access to polygraph examination… [091] (2014)Jurors' perceptions and decisions related to polygraph examinations during police interrogation
PsycEXTRA Dataset The study likely found that polygraph evidence significantly influences juror perceptions even when jurors are aware of its limitations, with implications for how confession evidence… [092] (2014)Erratum: Functional MRI-based lie detection: scientific and societal challenges
Nature Reviews Neuroscience The meta-analysis revealed no brain region consistently associated with deception across studies, accuracy rates varying from 69-100%, and countermeasures reducing detection from 100% to 33%.… [093] (2014 • NATURE REVIEW)Functional MRI-Based Lie Detection: Scientific and Societal Challenges
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15, 123–131 Major Nature review including meta-analysis of published fMRI deception studies. Concluded fMRI lie detection shows promise but faces critical scientific, legal, and ethical challenges before… [094] (2014)The use of a polygraph as the means of collecting evidence in the legislation of Republic of Serbia
Pravo - teorija i praksa Serbian law provides incomplete regulation of polygraph testing, with basic procedural questions remaining unresolved. The polygraph is characterized as a tactical forensic tool for elimination… [095] (2013)Use of Polygraph in Ukraine
European Polygraph Specific findings unavailable due to inability to access the full article text. The article likely documented regulatory frameworks and practical applications of polygraph in Ukrainian… [096] (2013)Polygraph in Austria
European Polygraph The article provides a comprehensive survey of Austrian polygraph practices, legal regulations, and admissibility standards as of 2013, contributing important comparative data on European polygraph… [097] (2013)History of Polygraph Examinations in Poland
European Polygraph The study reveals that the term 'polygraph' was already in use in Polish physiological literature in the 19th century, and Poland's unique position during the… [098] (2013)fMRI Lie Detection Validity and Admissibility as Evidence in Court and Applicability of the Court's Ruling to Polygraph Testing
European Polygraph The Sixth Circuit's rejection of fMRI lie detection in Semrau established the first appellate precedent against brain-based deception detection, emphasizing unreliable error rates and lack… [099] (2013)Decision Making Conditioned by Radical Uncertainty: Credibility Assessment at the Australian Refugee Review Tribunal
International Journal of Refugee Law Decision-makers acknowledged operating under radical uncertainty where it is impossible to know definitively if claims are credible. The study proposes a rebuttable presumption of credibility… [100] (2013)Prospects of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Lie Detector
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience The authors conclude that fMRI is unlikely to constitute a viable lie detector for criminal courts due to unresolved scientific limitations (group vs. individual inference,… [101] (2013)Polygraphs and 183 Wrongful Conviction Exonerations
ResearchGate Across 215 exoneration cases, polygraphs supported exoneree innocence in 62.9% of cases outright and reached results inconsistent with guilt in 85.7% of cases overall, with… [102] (2013)Considering the Legal Applications of Polygraph Test Results
Korean Journal Of Criminology Park concludes that polygraph results should be completely inadmissible in Korean courts, as they lack scientific reliability, violate adversarial principles, and create prejudicial impact outweighing… [103] (2013 • REVIEW)Using Brain Imaging for Lie Detection: Where Science, Law and Research Policy Collide
Psychology, Public Policy, and Law Reviewed 76–90% accuracy range under controlled conditions but noted substantial translational gaps between lab and forensic settings. Called for more robust research before courtroom use. [104] (2012)Detecting Deception (book chapter)
Neuroimaging in Forensic Psychiatry: From the Clinic to the Courtroom The chapter concludes that while fMRI studies identified consistent neural correlates of deception in controlled laboratory settings, the technology in 2012 remained insufficiently validated for… [105] (2012)Polygraph Examination Service of the Philippine National Police (PNP) Crime Laboratory - Region 10
Advancing Law Enforcement and Public Safety Research The study found that polygraph examination results were not accepted as evidence in Philippine courts or capable of convicting suspects, but most respondents agreed that… [106] (2012)Lie-Detection, Neuroscience, and the Law of Evidence
SSRN Electronic Journal The paper's central thesis is that the Daubert standard inappropriately conflates scientific and legal standards, and that 'bad science' might be 'good evidence' in legal… [107] (2011)Legal Admissibility of Employee Polygraph Examinations in Poland
European Polygraph Employee polygraph examinations in Poland's private sector face significant legal obstacles absent explicit statutory authorization or genuine voluntary consent. While government agencies have clear statutory… [108] (2011)Brain fingerprint or lie detector: does Canada's polygraph jurisprudence apply to emerging forensic neuroscience technologies?
Information & Communications Technology Law Brain fingerprinting may escape Canada's polygraph ban because it detects memory recognition rather than lying per se, creating a potential loophole in Canadian evidence law.… [109] (2011)Poligráf a büntetőeljárásban
Belügyi Szemle Hungarian law limits polygraph testing to the investigative phase with written consent, establishing that results serve to orient investigations and direct further evidence gathering but… [110] (2011)Badania poligraficzne jako metoda weryfikacji wersji śledczych
Polygraph examination results have primarily investigative rather than evidentiary significance, serving to eliminate inaccurate investigative scenarios and narrow the focus of further investigation. Treating polygraph… [111] (2011)The influence of fMRI lie detection evidence on juror decision-making
Behavioral Sciences and the Law fMRI lie detection evidence increased guilty verdicts to 76% compared to 47-56% for other conditions, representing a 20-29 percentage point inflation. This prejudicial effect was… [112] (2010)fMRI Lie Detection Fails a Legal Test
Science Judge Pham ruled fMRI lie detection inadmissible, finding no known error rates outside laboratory settings, no established standards for real-life application, and lack of general… [113] (2010)Neuroscience, lie-detection, and the law
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Schauer argues that although fMRI lie detection has significant scientific limitations, legal admissibility should depend on legal standards and comparative assessment against existing methods (like… [114] (2010)Polygraph Examination as Scientific Evidence
European Polygraph The work provides a legal and scientific framework for evaluating polygraph evidence admissibility, particularly examining polygraph methodology against Daubert criteria and established forensic science standards. [115] (2010)Dangerous decisions: The impact of first impressions of trustworthiness on the evaluation of legal evidence and defendant culpability
Psychology, Crime & Law Untrustworthy-looking defendants were convicted of serious crimes based on less evidence and with greater confidence than comparably trustworthy-looking defendants facing identical scenarios, with the effect… [116] (2010)Police-induced confessions: Risk factors and recommendations
Law and Human Behavior False confessions result from interactions between situational pressures (excessive interrogation time, false evidence, minimization tactics) and individual vulnerabilities (juveniles, intellectual disability, mental illness), with 35%… [117] (2009)Visions of Deception: Neuroimages and the Search for Truth
Akron Law Review Neither fMRI-based lie detection nor Brain Fingerprinting/BEOS meets general acceptance or reliability standards for admissibility in U.S. courts; courts are urged to exercise restraint and… [118] (2009)Why Modern Evidence Law Lacks Credibility
SSRN Electronic Journal Evidence law remains overly fixated on detecting perjury rather than honest mistakes, lacks any systematic approach to credibility determination, and treats scientific or psychological evidence… [119] (2009)Sex offender polygraph testing in the United States: Trends and controversies
In Wilcox D.T. (Ed.), The use of the polygraph in assessing, treating, and supervising sex offenders: A practitioner's guide. NY: Wiley By 2009, approximately 80% of adult sex offender treatment programs in the United States employed polygraph testing despite persistent scientific, ethical, and legal controversies. Polygraph… [120] (2009)Law & Psychiatry: Deception, Coercion, and the Limits of Interrogation
Psychiatric Services Courts hold that deception per se is not sufficiently egregious to invalidate confessions or exclude evidence. Only confessions procured by coercive official tactics are excluded… [121] (2009)Polygraphische Untersuchungen im Strafprozess: Neues zur faktischen Validität und normativen Zulässigkeit des vom Beschuldigten eingeführten Sachverständigenbeweises
Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft The paper argues that German courts' exclusion of voluntary, defense-initiated polygraph evidence rests on an incomplete reading of the validity literature, and that the shifting… [122] (2009)Dangerous decisions: A theoretical framework for understanding how judges assess credibility in the courtroom
Legal and Criminological Psychology DDT posits that instantaneous facial trustworthiness judgments are enduring and powerfully bias evidence interpretation in court; even experienced trial judges hold false stereotypes about deception… [123] (2009)False Confessions: Causes, Consequences, and Implications
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Three sequential errors—misclassification of innocence, guilt-presumptive accusatory interrogation with deception and coercion, and contamination through postadmission narrative shaping—systematically produce false confessions. Confession evidence is uniquely… [124] (2009)A Study on the Verification in Bribery Case and the Credibility of the Briber's Testimony
Korean Lawyers Association Journal The author concludes that Supreme Court credibility standards are generally appropriate but some factors are unsuitable as determinative, and that legally securing credible briber statements… [125] (2009)Deception: Truth Serum
Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science No scientifically validated truth serum exists. Barbiturates and other sedatives produce unreliable output contaminated by deception, fantasy, and confabulation. Both normal individuals and psychopaths can… [126] (2009)Deception: Detection of and Brain Imaging
Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science Brain imaging studies identified consistent neural signatures of deception in prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and parietal regions, with accuracy rates typically under 90%. However, the… [127] (2008)Interrogations using polygraph in Russia: 15 years of legal application
European Polygraph The study reveals a paradoxical situation in 1990s Russia where polygraph use increased annually across government departments despite the lack of proper scientific explanation from… [128] (2008)Public Opinion About the Polygraph
Encyclopedia of Psychology and Law Mock juror studies consistently found that laypeople do not uncritically accept polygraph evidence; participants showed similar guilt judgments regardless of whether defendants passed or failed… [129] (2008)Flickering Admissibility: Neuroimaging Evidence in the US Courts
Behavioral Sciences & the Law U.S. courts routinely admit structural neuroimaging (CT, MRI) but apply significantly greater skepticism to functional technologies such as PET, SPECT, and fMRI; neither fMRI lie… [130] (2008)Lies, damn lies, and lie detectors
Harvard Business Review No existing lie detection technology—polygraph or neuroimaging-based—has demonstrated sufficient scientific reliability for high-stakes organizational use; Wolpe argues the inferential chain from physiological arousal to deception… [131] (2008)Scientific status: The case for polygraph tests
In D.L. Faigman, M.J. Saks, J. Sanders, & E. Cheng (Eds.), Modern scientific evidence: The law and science of expert testimony (Vol. 5) Laboratory studies showed approximately 90% mean CQT accuracy, field studies with independent scoring showed 90.5% accuracy, and studies with original examiner scoring showed 97.5% accuracy.… [132] (2008)Looking for truth and finding lies: The prospects for a nascent neuroimaging of deception
Neurocase Deception consistently activates prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, while truthfulness appears to represent a cognitive baseline. However, significant variability across studies and ethical concerns limit… [133] (2008)Playing devil's advocate: The case against fMRI lie detection
Legal and Criminological Psychology Analysis revealed great variation between study findings and crucially, an absence of replication by investigators of their own findings, indicating basic reliability issues needed resolution… [134] (2007)Neuroscience-Based Lie Detection: The Urgent Need for Regulation
American Journal of Law & Medicine fMRI-based lie detection exhibits significant scientific limitations including inadequate accuracy rates for field use, inability to distinguish between imagined and genuine memories, and lack of… [135] (2007)Criminalistic diagnostic investigation using a polygraph
Polygraph Kholodny established that polygraph testing detects mental impressions of criminal events stored in memory, legitimizing polygraph examination as a specialized diagnostic method within Russian forensic… [136] (2007)Polygraph Testing
Beyond Common Sense Field research shows the CQT correctly identifies only 55-57% of innocent suspects, meaning 43-45% are falsely classified as deceptive. Scientific surveys reveal that fewer than… [137] (2007)Law & Psychiatry: The New Lie Detectors: Neuroscience, Deception, and the Courts
Psychiatric Services Neither fMRI nor brain-wave analysis met evidentiary standards for court use in 2007 due to insufficient validation data, with the author recommending judicial caution and… [138] (2007)Medical Devices New Frontier in Lie Detection
Biomedical Safety & Standards The analysis identified a regulatory vacuum for neuroscience-based lie detection and recommended prohibiting non-research use until technologies meet medical device standards for safety, effectiveness, and… [139] (2007 • EMPLOYEE PROTECTION)Employee Polygraph Protection Act: 20 Years Later
Law Review Articles (Various) Analyses of the 1988 EPPA’s impact after two decades. Banned most private employer polygraph use while maintaining exceptions for government, security, and pharmaceutical industries. [140] (2007)The actual use of investigative physiopsychological examinations in Germany
European Polygraph The study revealed how polygraph examinations were actually being employed in German investigative contexts outside of courtroom settings, despite the judiciary's position that polygraph lacks… [141] (2007)Legal and practical aspects of using the polygraph in the Republic of Lithuania
European Polygraph Lithuania developed comprehensive legal regulations governing polygraph use, primarily utilizing the Event Knowledge Test (a modification of the Concealed Information Test) in law enforcement and… [142] (2006)True Lies: Delusions and Lie-Detection Technology
The Journal of Psychiatry & Law The authors propose that delusions could lead to objectively false statements that are nevertheless subjectively true and indistinguishable from truth by traditional polygraph measures, but… [143] (2006)The court of public opinion: Lay perceptions of polygraph testing
Law and Human Behavior Jury-eligible adults did not find polygraph evidence persuasive and showed no significant differences in guilt judgments between conditions with passed polygraph evidence, failed polygraph evidence,… [144] (2006)Lie Detection Assessments as Evidence in Criminal Courts
Law and PsychologyCurrent Legal Issues Volume 9 The chapter concludes that neither the Control Question Test nor Statement Validity Analysis fully satisfy Daubert criteria for routine courtroom admissibility. While both detect deception… [145] (2005 • EVIDENTIARY RULES)Polygraph Decision Rules for Evidentiary and Paired Testing (Marin Protocol)
Polygraph Established decision rules specifically for evidentiary-quality polygraph examinations, with more conservative cutscores to minimize errors in legal contexts. [146] (2005)Uwagi o rozwiązaniach dotyczących stosowania poligrafu w kodeksie postępowania karnego z 1997 r. (po nowelizacji z 2003 r.)
Przegląd Sądowy The 2003 amendments resolved fundamental legal uncertainties about polygraph admissibility in Polish criminal proceedings. Polygraph examinations function primarily as exculpatory evidence, with expert estimates suggesting… [147] (2004)The Problem of False Confessions in the Post-DNA World
North Carolina Law Review More than 80% of false confessions occurred in homicide cases, and 81% of proven false confessors who proceeded to trial were convicted by juries despite… [148] (2004)The Closing of the Coffin on Forensic Polygraph Evidence for Australia: Mallard v The Queen [2003] WASCA 296
Psychiatry, Psychology and Law The court concluded that polygraph technique has not been shown to be a reliable method for determining truth or untruth, lacks adequate acceptance within the… [149] (2003)Polygraph Evidence and Juror Judgments: The Effects of Corroborating Evidence
Journal of Applied Social Psychology Examined how polygraph evidence affects jury decision-making. Found that polygraph results interact significantly with corroborating evidence in shaping juror judgments. Provided empirical data for legal… [150] (2002)Polygraphic Examinations in Japan: Application of the Guilty Knowledge Test
International Journal of Police Science & Management, 4, 16–27 Documented Japan’s unique use of the CIT as the only polygraph method used in criminal investigations. Japan remains the world leader in field CIT application,… [151] (2002)What is the current truth about polygraph lie detection?
Basic and Applied Social Psychology The CQT meets only one of five core validity criteria (coding objectivity). Published evidence does not allow item analysis, the decision model remains unspecified, predictive… [152] (2002 • SCIENTIST SURVEY)General Acceptance of the Polygraph by the Scientific Community
Paper presented at APA-Law Society, Austin, TX Survey of 363 SPR and APA members finding that scientists familiar with polygraph literature were more supportive of its use than those without direct research… [153] (2002)A critical review of the control questions test (CQT)
The CQT was found to lack adequate scientific validation, failing to satisfy major Daubert criteria. Key problems included absence of proper theoretical foundation, inadequate control… [154] (2001)Psycho-legal scholars report positive attitudes towards polygraph validity
Paper presented at the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association, Reno, NV Psycho-legal scholars reported positive attitudes toward polygraph validity, providing evidence that the most legally relevant scientific community — those working at the intersection of psychology… [155] (2000)Psychophysiologische Täterschaftsbeurteilung als Entlastungsmöglichkeit bei Verdacht auf sexuellen Mißbrauch?
Steller concluded that polygraph examinations lack sufficient scientific validity for use in sexual abuse cases, citing the absence of specific physiological lie responses, inadequate construct… [156] (1999)Update: The scientific status of research on polygraph techniques: The case against polygraph tests
Modern Scientific Evidence: The Law and Science of Expert Testimony Approximately 40–43% of innocent individuals fail the CQT in high-quality real-world field studies, and the only methodologically unbiased field study found CQT accuracy for innocent… [157] (1999)The Effects of Victim Impact Evidence on the Verdicts and Sentencing Judgments of Mock Jurors
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation At the individual juror level, exposure to victim impact evidence significantly increased sentence severity and death penalty recommendations among those who convicted, despite no statistically… [158] (1999)The willingness of children to lie and the assessment of credibility in an ecologically relevant laboratory setting
Applied Developmental Science Expert application of CBCA achieved 89% overall accuracy (75% for truths, 100% for lies) in classifying children's statements, significantly outperforming lay evaluators. Approximately 56-69% of… [159] (1999)Opinia z ekspertyzy poligraficznej jako dowód odciążający
The work found that in the overwhelming majority of cases, polygraph tests produced exculpatory evidence for examined persons and could effectively eliminate innocent suspects even… [160] (1999)Polygraph evidence in federal courts: Should it be admissible?
American Criminal Law Review The article concludes that polygraph evidence fails to meet Daubert reliability standards and creates substantial prejudicial effects that outweigh probative value under Rule 403, arguing… [161] (1999 • SCIENTIFIC STANDARDS)Admissibility of Polygraph Tests: The Application of Scientific Standards Post-Daubert
Psychology, Public Policy, and Law Applied behavioral science concepts of reliability and validity to polygraph admissibility. Argued that accuracy rates are unpredictable and called for mutual language between scientists and… [162] (1998)Language of the Interrogator as Therapist
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception The analysis revealed that therapeutic language patterns in interrogation—including memory recovery framing and empathetic alliance-building—can be as coercive as overtly confrontational tactics, with a federal… [163] (1998)Language and Constitutional Rights
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception Shuy's forensic analysis revealed that constitutional rights were not effectively protected in practice despite formal Miranda compliance, with linguistic complexity, ambiguous rights invocations, and failure… [164] (1998)Some Basic Principles of Interrogation, Confession, and Deceptive Language
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception The chapter establishes five core principles for reliable interrogation practice and demonstrates how linguistic analysis reveals coercive elements in seemingly voluntary confessions, with particular emphasis… [165] (1998)Language of the Implicational Confession
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception The chapter demonstrates that implicational confessions occur when suspects appear to admit guilt through pragmatically implied rather than explicitly stated language, creating legal challenges in… [166] (1998)Language of Written Confessions
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception Linguistic analysis revealed that Michael Carter's written confession matched the detective's sentence structure rather than Carter's own documented speech patterns, leading to dismissal of all… [167] (1998)Inferred Confession
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception The case demonstrated that without documentation, confessions become interpretations filtered through officer memory and expectations rather than objective evidence. The analysis revealed how easily statements… [168] (1998 • SUPREME COURT)United States v. Scheffer, 523 U.S. 303
Legal Rulings Upheld military ban on polygraph evidence under Military Rule 707 but did not create a blanket constitutional prohibition. Dissent by Justice Stevens noted polygraph may… [169] (1997)The Validity of the Lie Detector: Two Surveys of Scientific Opinion
Journal of Applied Psychology The surveys achieved exceptionally high response rates (91% and 74%) and provided an unbiased assessment of scientific consensus on polygraph validity from relevant experts. [170] (1997)Review of Polygraph Accuracy Research
Various Publications Reported accuracy of polygraph studies as exceeding .90, consistent with findings by Raskin (2002) and Raskin & Podlesny (1979). Helped establish the scientific consensus that… [171] (1997)The psychology of confession evidence
American Psychologist The paper identified three specific problems: police routinely use deception and psychological coercion during interrogation; these methods can cause innocent people to falsely confess; and… [172] (1997)Brief of the Committee of Concerned Social Scientists as Amicus Curiae
United States v. Scheffer The brief reported polygraph accuracy exceeding 90% based on laboratory and field studies, though the Supreme Court ultimately ruled 8-1 that categorical exclusion of polygraph… [173] (1997)Polygraph testimony and juror judgments: A comparison of the guilty knowledge test and the control question test
Journal of Applied Social Psychology No differences were found among conditions for either jury or individual verdicts; jurors rated both CQT and GKT polygraph testimony below other forms of evidence… [174] (1997)Polygraph Testimony and Juror Judgments: CIT vs. CQT Comparison
Journal of Applied Social Psychology Compared juror responses to CIT and CQT polygraph evidence. Found differential juror reactions depending on the type of polygraph test presented, with implications for how… [175] (1997)Survey of Scientists on CIT/GKT Validity
Various Publications Polled 363 scientists from the American Psychological Association and the Society for Psychophysiological Research. Found that the scientific community was more supportive of CIT than… [176] (1997 – 2023)Modern Scientific Evidence: The Case For and Against Polygraph Admissibility
Modern Scientific Evidence (Legal Volume Series) Ongoing point-counterpoint exchanges between leading polygraph researchers, published in a legal reference intended for judges and lawyers. Covers the complete spectrum of admissibility arguments under… [177] (1997 • LEGAL ANALYSIS)A Critical Look at the Admissibility of Polygraph Evidence in the Wake of Daubert
Catholic University Law Review, 46, 1247–1310 Detailed legal analysis applying Daubert criteria to polygraph evidence. Concluded that while polygraph meets some Daubert factors, validity questions remain that courts must evaluate case-by-case. [178] (1997 • 9TH CIRCUIT)United States v. Cordoba, 104 F.3d 225 (9th Cir.)
Legal Rulings Abandoned the per se rule excluding polygraph, leaving admissibility to district court discretion under Daubert analysis. Contributed to circuit split on polygraph evidence. [179] (1996)Die Untersuchung mit dem Polygraphen (Lügendetektor) – eine wissenschaftliche Methode zum Nachweis der Unschuld
Zeitschrift für das gesamte Familienrecht Undeutsch argued polygraph examinations showing innocence provide very high probability evidence, while deceptive results offer only probability of guilt. He positioned polygraph testing as particularly… [180] (1995)Demeanor and credibility
Semiotica The paper concluded that common beliefs about behavioral indicators of deception lack empirical support, and that observers perform little better than chance at detecting lies… [181] (1995)Factors Affecting Credibility in a Simulated Sexual Harassment Hearing
Violence Against Women Aggressive cross-examination significantly reduced the perceived credibility of sexual harassment complainants, and simple denial by the accused was an effective defense strategy, demonstrating that procedural… [182] (1995 • CIRCUIT BREAKTHROUGH)United States v. Posado, 57 F.3d 428 (5th Cir.)
Legal Rulings Stated “the per se rule against admitting polygraph evidence did not survive Daubert”. Recognized “tremendous advances in polygraph instrumentation and technique” since 1923. [183] (1995 • TRUTH VERIFIERS HISTORY)Truth Verifiers: From the Hot Iron to the Lie Detector
Kentucky Law Journal, 84, 597–680 Fascinating historical review tracing deception detection from ancient trial by ordeal (hot iron, poison) through medieval methods to modern polygraphy. Provided cultural context for truth… [184] (1993 • LANDMARK RULING)Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579
Legal Rulings Landmark ruling replacing the Frye “general acceptance” standard with multi-factor reliability analysis for scientific evidence. Opened door for renewed polygraph admissibility challenges based on testability,… [185] (1992)Polygraph admissibility: Changes and challenges
Law and Human Behavior The authors found that while polygraph evidence might meet basic evidentiary requirements, serious challenges centered on poor training and lack of standardization in the profession,… [186] (1992)The effects of polygraphy and eyewitness testimony on the beliefs and decisions of mock jurors
Imagination, Cognition, and Personality Eyewitness testimony significantly increased guilty verdicts and beliefs in defendant guilt, while polygraph expert testimony had no significant effect on mock juror decisions at either… [187] (1992)A Critique of the Validity of Polygraph Testing in Child Sexual Abuse Cases
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse Cross and Saxe conclude that there is insufficient scientific evidence to support polygraph testing in child sexual abuse cases, identifying offender perception and memory, emotional… [188] (1991)Children as eyewitnesses memory, suggestibility, and credibility
Australian Psychologist Despite common apprehensions, children's abilities within the courtroom appear to be underestimated; when given adequate support, their often underutilized testimony may be effectively applied in… [189] (1990)Legal Issues concerning Polygraph Testing in the Public Sector
Public Personnel Management The article identified unique constitutional vulnerabilities in public sector polygraph programs, revealing a paradox where private employees enjoyed statutory protections that many public workers lacked… [190] (1990)Beyond Validity: Utility and Legal Considerations in the Application of Psychophysiological Detection
Theories and Applications in the Detection of Deception The authors demonstrated that validity alone is insufficient for evaluating polygraph applications—practical utility depends on base rates, differential consequences of errors, stakeholder perspectives, and legal… [191] (1989)The admissibility of evidence derived from hypnosis and polygraphy
In D.C. Raskin (Ed.), Psychological methods in criminal investigation and evidence Forty states had determined hypnotically refreshed testimony inadmissible, with 26 states adopting per se or variant exclusionary rules. For polygraph evidence, two states deemed it… [192] (1989 • 11TH CIRCUIT)United States v. Piccinonna, 885 F.2d 1529 (11th Cir.)
Legal Rulings Established that polygraph evidence could be admitted under certain conditions including stipulation by both parties. Created framework for conditional admissibility. [193] (1989)Criteria-Based Content Analysis
Psychological Methods in Criminal Investigation and Evidence The work consolidated 19 verbal content criteria organized into five categories (general characteristics, specific contents, peculiarities, motivation-related contents, and offense-specific elements), emphasizing that CBCA requires… [194] (1988 • INTERVIEW TECHNIQUE)Interviewing and Interrogation for Law Enforcement
Williams & Wilkins (4th Edition) Updated edition of the influential Reid Technique manual. Documented the evolution of polygraph from pure detection tool to interview-enhancing instrument that promotes confession and disclosure. [195] (1986)Council takes stand on AIDS, polygraph; creates science post
American Psychological Association Monitor The APA Council formally declared polygraph test reliability unsatisfactory and adopted resolutions addressing AIDS as a public health and civil liberties issue. [196] (1986)Trial by polygraph: Scientific and juridical issues in lie detection
Behavioral Science and the Law Only the GKT is argued to be well grounded in psychological theory, while CQT validity research is characterized as frequently contaminated by methodological flaws; the… [197] (1986 • SCIENTIFIC STATUS)The Scientific Status of Research on Polygraph Techniques: The Case for Polygraph Tests
In Faigman et al. (Eds.), Modern Scientific Evidence Major chapter presenting the scientific case for polygraph validity. Reviewed controlled studies showing accuracy above 90% and argued polygraph meets evidentiary standards. [198] (1985)Polygraph testing: Thoughts of a skeptical legislator
American Psychologist Brooks advocated for congressional restrictions on expanded federal polygraph screening, citing scientific validity concerns and civil liberties implications. His legislative efforts contributed to the rescission… [199] (1985)USE OF THE POLYGRAPH IN SCREENING JOB APPLICANTS
American Business Law Journal The article documented significant legal vulnerabilities in pre-employment polygraph practices, including privacy infringement concerns, state-level regulatory inconsistencies, discriminatory potential based on ethnicity and sex, and… [200] (1985)Testing the Polygraph
PsycEXTRA Dataset The review identified fundamental problems with polygraph validity, finding that while claimed to be highly accurate, the evidence was unclear particularly for screening applications. Control… [201] (1984)Trial by polygraph
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Lykken documented that the Control Question Technique lacked adequate scientific validity for forensic use, with evidence suggesting high false positive rates potentially approaching 50%. The… [202] (1984)Expert testimony on malingering: The admissibility of clinical procedures for the detection of deception
Behavioral Sciences & the Law The paper identified significant concerns about scientific reliability and constitutional implications of various clinical deception detection procedures, establishing a framework for evaluating admissibility standards that… [203] (1981)Täterschaftsermittlung durch Polygraphie
Wegner contends that prohibiting voluntary polygraph testing initiated by defendants seeking exculpation constitutes unjustified paternalism, and argues that psychophysiological testing can be reconciled with constitutional… [204] (1981)Wprowadzenie do problematyki badań poligraficznych
The work systematically documented polygraph theory, methodology, and practice as of 1981, establishing methodological standards based primarily on Reid techniques and emerging numerical scoring systems,… [205] (1980)Credibility and incredibility: the psychiatric examination of the complaining witness
American Journal of Psychiatry Psychiatrists can identify mental conditions affecting testimony capacity but face significant ethical, legal, and professional limitations in making direct credibility determinations. Courts restrict psychiatric testimony… [206] (1980)The admissibility of polygraph evidence in court: Some empirical findings
Law and Human Behavior Neither experiment found evidence of 'blind' acceptance of polygraph evidence by mock jurors; while guilt ratings shifted significantly in the presence of exculpatory polygraph evidence,… [207] (1979)Regressive Hypnosis and the Polygraph: A Case Study
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis The case study demonstrated the simultaneous application of polygraph instrumentation and ideomotor response signaling during hypnotic age regression in a criminal investigation, though specific quantitative… [208] (1979 • JURY PERCEPTION)The Effect of Polygraph Evidence on Mock Jury Decision-Making
Journal of Police Science and Administration Found that polygraph evidence could be a crucial factor in jury decision-making. Raised concerns about potential for undue influence, contributing to judicial caution about admissibility. [209] (1977)A polygraph handbook for attorneys
Abrams documented a growing mid-1970s trend toward stipulated admission of polygraph evidence and argued that, when properly understood and administered, polygraph results represent legitimate forensic… [210] (1977)Die Untersuchung mit dem Polygraphen ('Lügendetektor')
Kriminalistik Undeutsch concluded that polygraph examination, when conducted by a trained expert, constitutes a scientifically defensible method capable of producing reliable forensic evidence, with particularly strong… [211] (1977)The effect of lie detector evidence on jury deliberations: An empirical study
Journal of Police Science and Administration Polygraph evidence influenced mock juror deliberations but did not produce the uncritical acceptance or overwhelming prejudice predicted by courts as justification for exclusionary rules. [212] (1975)Admissibility of polygraph evidence in 1975: An aid in determining credibility in a perjury-plagued system
Hastings Law Journal Tarlow identified a paradox in polygraph jurisprudence: courts admitted polygraph evidence upon stipulation even though stipulation does not enhance the inherent reliability of the technique,… [213] (1975)Legal admissibility of the polygraph
Journal of Criminal Justice The volume provided comprehensive advocacy for polygraph admissibility but inadvertently documented persistent validity concerns, including the field validation paradox where successful deception removes cases from… [214] (1967)Beurteilung der Glaubhaftigkeit von Aussagen
Handbuch der Psychologie Vol. 11: Forensische Psychologie The work introduced the Undeutsch Hypothesis, establishing that experience-based statements differ systematically from fabricated accounts in content quality, detail, consistency, and linguistic characteristics, shifting credibility… [215] (1961)Scientific Theory and Scientific Evidence: An Analysis of Lie-Detection
The Yale Law Journal Skolnick concluded that polygraph testing involved excessive interpretive subjectivity, lacked validated theoretical foundations, suffered from examiner qualification problems, and failed to meet the Frye standard… [216] (1953)Scientific Proof of Credibility
Tennessee Law Review Trovillo argued that converging physiological evidence — including electrodermal, cardiovascular, and respiratory indices — provided a scientifically legitimate basis for polygraph admissibility, citing accuracy claims… [217] (1939)Science Can Get the Confession
Fordham Law Review Summers claimed 98–100% accuracy for his Pathometer (galvanometric/GSR device), asserting that it was 'quite impossible' for a subject to deceive an experienced examiner, and argued… [218] (1939)Evidence. Expert Testimony. "Lie Detector" Evidence Inadmissible
Virginia Law Review The court ruled lie detector evidence inadmissible, holding that the technology lacked general scientific acceptance and threatened to improperly invade the jury's traditional function of… [219] (1927)Deception-tests and the law of evidence
California Law Review McCormick concluded that general scientific acceptance should not be the criterion for admitting scientific evidence, arguing instead that relevant conclusions from qualified experts should be… [220] (1924)Studies in Testimony
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Expert blind reading of blood pressure charts by Marston achieved a reported 97.1% accuracy across 35 cases, compared to 74.3% accuracy when non-specialist officers conducted… [221] (1923)Frye v. United States
Federal Reporter The court held that for scientific evidence to be admissible, the underlying principle or technique must be 'sufficiently established to have gained general acceptance in… [222] (1923 • FOUNDATIONAL PRECEDENT)Frye v. United States, 293 F. 1013 (D.C. Cir.)
Legal Rulings Original case establishing the “general acceptance” test for scientific evidence admissibility. Excluded systolic blood pressure deception test, setting the standard that governed polygraph admissibility for… [223] (0)Brain-Based Lie Detection and the Mereological Fallacy: Reasons for Optimism
Neurolaw and Responsibility for Action The mereological fallacy critique has less force when applied to P300-CIT because it primarily detects recognition rather than deception. Brain-based methods should be evaluated by…Related research topics
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