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Ethics & Policy
This topic encompasses 527 peer-reviewed studies, primarily in the field of legal & policy studies. Research in this area spans from the 0s to the 2020s.
527Studies
0s–2020sSpan
17Categories
678Researchers
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Studies tagged “Ethics & Policy” [527]
All 527 peer-reviewed studies in this research area, sorted by year.
[001]
(2026)
Modes of visual framing in neuropsychological deception detection research
Science, Technology & Human Values German neuropsychologists demonstrate notable methodological restraint in brain-based deception detection research, with researchers warning about AI-based approaches lacking transparency and theoretical foundations. [002] (2026)Lay person’s and psychology officers’ beliefs about memory, investigative interviewing and deception detection: data from Malaysia
Psychology, Crime & Law Psychology officers and lay participants in Malaysia both demonstrated significant misconceptions about memory and deception detection, with beliefs about repressed memories, gaze aversion, and behavioral… [003] (2026)Zur Testfairness der aussagepsychologischen Begutachtungsmethodik: eine Bayes-statistische Analyse anhand von 2000 Gutachten
Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie Neither demographic-personal nor clinical-psychological characteristics of witnesses showed clear associations with assessment outcomes. Eight Bayesian regression models revealed uncertain effect estimates, suggesting other factors (statement… [004] (2026)Culture and credibility: the assessment of asylum seekers’ statements
Psychology, Crime & Law The review identifies systematic cultural differences in autobiographical memory style, power distance effects on reporting, acquiescence response styles, and trauma memory expression that can lead… [005] (2025)Is there a correlation between AI use and deception in students?
This is a preregistered study; no empirical findings are available yet. When conducted, it will reveal correlations between AI literacy dimensions and various deception measures. [006] (2025)Lithuanian govt in favor of polygraph tests for risky aliens, company business reps
European Polygraph Lithuania's Defence Ministry proposed allowing polygraph testing for three new categories: private company employees with classified access, candidates for intelligence collaboration, and foreigners posing potential… [007] (2025)FEATURES OF THE CONTENT OF VISUAL STIMULI OF RISK FACTORS FOR POLYGRAPH TESTING OF CANDIDATES FOR SERVICE IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОФАЙЛИНГА И ДЕТЕКЦИИ ЛЖИ В ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ И ПСИХОЛОГИИ: ВЫЗОВЫ, ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ, БУДУЩЕЕ The study identified risk factors for deviant behavior considered important by law enforcement professionals and provided empirical guidance for developing visual stimuli appropriate for Russian… [008] (2025)Artificial Intelligence in Witness Credibility Assessment: The Role of Biometrics, Voice Analytics and Machine Learning in Judicial Cross-Examination
Journal of Asian Development Studies Neural Networks achieved 97% accuracy and 98% recall in witness credibility assessment, with 98% true positive rate, significantly outperforming voice analytics (92%) and other models,… [009] (2025)The Artificial Intelligence Application Concept in the System of Polygraph-Based Psychophysiological Lie Detection
Juridical Psychology The paper establishes a comprehensive conceptual framework defining AI application in polygraph systems, identifying implementation mechanisms, guiding principles, and operational forms, while systematically analyzing advantages,… [010] (2025)PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS IN THE APPLICATION OF PROFILING AND LIE DETECTION METHODS: INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОФАЙЛИНГА И ДЕТЕКЦИИ ЛЖИ В ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ И ПСИХОЛОГИИ: ВЫЗОВЫ, ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ, БУДУЩЕЕ The study identifies substantial gaps and contradictions in Russian legislation governing profiling and polygraph examination, finding divergence between Russian practice and international human rights standards… [011] (2025)Lie Detection in Social VR Using Multimodal Data
2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW) Gaze-based features alone achieved 87% accuracy in detecting lies within social VR environments using random forest classification, demonstrating the feasibility of passive deception detection using… [012] (2025)On the issue of preparing for lie detection in the process of training psychologists
The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences Works of art can serve as preliminary training materials for psychology students learning about lie detection, but practical, observation-based training with real human subjects is… [013] (2025)Features of information reliability assessment by polygraph method in criminal analysis
Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law The study concludes that polygraph-based methodology can be effectively integrated into criminal analysis to assess information reliability, providing synergistic benefits when combined with analytical processes… [014] (2025)High-Risk AI Systems—Lie Detection Application
Future Internet AI lie detection systems at borders qualify as high-risk under EU AI Act requirements. Analysis of iBorderCtrl revealed 75% claimed accuracy but 24.45% false positive… [015] (2025)Exploring Vision-Based Features for Detecting Deception in Well-Being: A Cross-Domain Comparison
2025 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG) Well-being deception showed fewer and more localized visual features concentrated around the nose ridge compared to biography and academic domains. Joy-related facial action units (AU… [016] (2025)“Your Thoughts are (were) Free!“: Brain-Computer-Interfaces, Neurofeedback, Detection of Deception, and the Future of Mind-Reading
Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback The central finding is that neurophysiological mind reading succeeds or fails based on motor-contingent feedback loops and learning mechanisms. In neurofeedback for epilepsy, 35% of… [017] (2025)Detecting Deception through Nonverbal Signals
The Magic Gaze: Decoding Thoughts through Eyes and Gestures This is not an original empirical study but an educational review chapter synthesizing existing research on nonverbal deception detection, with emphasis on the limitations of… [018] (2025)'Believe your chart but don't ignore your nose'
European Polygraph The study concludes that examiners should engage their intuition as accumulated subconscious information gained through experience to supplement numerical scoring, as test complexity and inherent… [019] (2025)Model of Lie Cues Detection in Cross-Cultural Communication: Insights from Linguistic and Cultural Intersections
JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature) Linguistic deception cues include speech uncertainty, intonation changes, and ambiguous expressions, while cultural norms like family honor (siri) in Bugis-Makassar culture significantly shape how lies… [020] (2025)Law on Using Polygraph in Lithuania – Latest Developments and its Impact
European Polygraph Lithuania's Defense Ministry proposed expanding polygraph use beyond traditional law enforcement to include private sector security screening and foreign national vetting, representing a significant broadening… [021] (2025)Contemporary pathways in forensic psychology: A review of psychophysiological perspective of veracity versus deception detection
Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine Lie detection may not be an exact science with significant variability across studies and contexts. Eye blink patterns, facial microexpressions, and cognitive load indicators show… [022] (2025)Psychophysiological Studies Involving the Use of Polygraph: Possibilities and Limitations Within the Framework of Criminal Proceedings (on the 50th Anniversary of Legalization of Polygraph Use in Russia)
Forensics analyst The paper addresses ongoing controversy over polygraph admissibility in Russian courts despite 50 years of official use, defending the scientific validity of psychophysiological examinations while… [023] (2025)Detecting Deepfakes Through Emotion?: Facial Expression and Emotional Contagion as Dual Indicators of Deepfake Credibility
Applied Cognitive Psychology Deepfakes exhibited lower overall and negative emotions compared to authentic videos. Counterintuitively, audiences' reduced emotional responses to deepfakes were associated with higher perceived credibility, mediated… [024] (2025)Використання в доказуванні результатів досліджень, проведених із застосуванням поліграфа
Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs The study concludes that polygraph results are probabilistic in nature and cannot serve as conclusive evidence without strict procedural controls, identifying critical problems including lack… [025] (2025)Artificial intelligence in lie detection: Why do cognitive theories matter?
New Ideas in Psychology Mechanism-driven theories enable researchers to identify what features AI extracts and how those features relate to deception, allowing forensic experts to anticipate error patterns and… [026] (2025)Pengaturan Hukum Penggunaan Detektor Kebohongan (Lie Detector/ Polygraph) dalam Proses Hukum Acara Pidana
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan Polygraph results cannot serve as independent evidence in Indonesian criminal proceedings due to absence of clear legal basis and potential human rights violations. The vague… [027] (2025)The Truth about Lie Detection Test: Admissibility of Expert Evidence on Polygraph
The paper analyzes major evidentiary standards governing polygraph admissibility, including the transition from the Frye general acceptance test to the more flexible Daubert reliability standard… [028] (2025)Positioning and Standardization Pathways of Polygraph Technology in Judicial Proof
Journal of Sociology and Education Polygraph technology should serve an auxiliary rather than determinative role in judicial proof, requiring standardization across technical protocols, personnel qualifications, procedural legitimacy, and result review… [029] (2025)The Ocular Motor Deception Test (ODT): A Critical Review of Scientific Validity, Legal Risk, and Operational Readiness
Invictus Polygraph (White Paper) The review identifies significant concerns about ODT's foundational assumptions, noting that physiological markers like pupil dilation primarily reflect general cognitive processes rather than deception-specific states. [030] (2025)Prerequisites and challenges of the use of information obtained through a polygraph as evidence in criminal proceedings
Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law The study identifies two fundamental regulatory deficiencies: the absence of legislatively defined methodologies for psychophysiological examinations and the lack of formal classification systems for qualifying… [031] (2025)Honesty and lie aversion
Elgar Encyclopedia of Behavioural and Experimental Economics Experimental evidence reveals substantial intrinsic lie aversion beyond detection risk, with preferences for honesty and social image as primary motivations for truth-telling. People exhibit context-dependent… [032] (2025)Damned If You Don’t: Public Perceptions of Polygraph Testing and Suspect Willingness to Be Tested
Legal and Criminological Psychology Survey of 302 individuals found the average public rating of polygraph accuracy was 71% for detecting deception and 67% for truthfulness. Willingness to take a… [033] (2025)Влияние индивидуально-психологических особенностей обследуемых лиц на результаты, полученные в ходе тестирования с применением полиграфа
Расследование преступлений: проблемы и пути их решения Individual psychological characteristics significantly influenced polygraph test results in an examinee without mental pathology, suggesting that certain combinations of psychological traits may produce physiological response… [034] (2025)Well done! Or how to Avoid Dangers of Pseudoscience: Common Standard for Research in Behavioural Analysis and Deception Detection in Aviation Security
Anuario de Psicología Jurídica The paper establishes that many aviation security behavioral detection programs lack scientific validation and provides a comprehensive methodological framework addressing sample composition, statistical power, ecological… [035] (2025)Use of the Polygraph during Interrogation: Procedural, Forensic, and Psychological Issues
Herald of criminal justice International jurisprudence demonstrates polygraphs are inadmissible as independent evidence but may serve as auxiliary pre-trial tools. Specialist reports must use presence/absence of significant reactions formula,… [036] (2024)Detecting deception with artificial intelligence: promises and perils
Trends in Cognitive Sciences AI-based deception detection systems lack sufficient scientific validation and may repeat the mistakes of polygraph technology, potentially leading to systematic discrimination against innocent individuals. [037] (2024)March/April Issue: Deception
Anthropology News Leading polygraph experts testified against each other in federal court; the author's training revealed that supposedly objective scoring rules proved difficult to apply consistently; historical… [038] (2024)(When) Would You Lie to a Voicebot?
SSRN Electronic Journal Participants were more likely to lie when hearing a feminine voice than a masculine voice, and more likely to lie to a feminine-voiced basic voicebot… [039] (2024)The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: The Role of Ai Quality Disclosure in Lie Detection
When relying on low-quality AI advisors without disclosure, participants' truth-detection rates fell below their unassisted baseline (approximately 36%), recovering only when AI effectiveness was revealed.… [040] (2024)Virtual Lies and Digital Truths: A Review of Research on Deception in Online Communication
The review identifies major theoretical frameworks including Interpersonal Deception Theory and Media Richness Theory as foundations for understanding online deception, while highlighting persistent challenges including… [041] (2024)Prueba pericial psicológica sobre la credibilidad del testimonio en víctimas de violaciones sexuales [Psychological expert evidence on the credibility of testimony of rape victims]
Verdad y Derecho. Revista Arbitrada de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales Psychological credibility assessments focusing on coherence and emotional congruence can support testimony veracity while minimizing bias and preventing victim re-traumatization in sexual assault cases. [042] (2024)Training on dirty labels: Rejoinder to Kotsoglou and Biedermann
Forensic Science International: Synergy The authors defend their ML approach as practically useful for quality assurance despite training on potentially fallible human labels, arguing that polygraph use remains legitimate… [043] (2024)Dark personality traits and deception, and the short dark tetrad (SD4) as integrity screening instrument
Scientific Reports Liars scored significantly higher on all four dark traits, with psychopathy showing the strongest effect, but overlapping distributions made categorical classification impossible; likelihood ratio analysis… [044] (2024)Behind the Scenes of a Protocoled Polygraph Test
European Polygraph The paper identifies critical gaps in protocoled polygraph practice where rigid adherence to standardized procedures may compromise examination effectiveness and examiner discretion. [045] (2024)Polygraph Examination in Lithuania: History, Legal Framework, and Practice
European Polygraph Lithuania represents a unique case in continental Europe by establishing comprehensive legal frameworks for polygraph use since 1992, primarily employing the Event Knowledge Test in… [046] (2024)Borderline decisions?: Lack of justification for automatic deception detection at EU borders
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis The analysis reveals ADDS lacks scientific justification for deployment: microexpressions appear equally in liars and truth-tellers, validation data is inadequate and demographically limited, and Bayesian… [047] (2024)A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Deception Detection by Neurodiverse Young Adults
Topics in Language Disorders Observable response features produced significantly more accurate deception judgments than nonverbal communication or subjective descriptions. No significant differences emerged between high and low autistic trait… [048] (2024)The Problem of Establishment of a Special Psychophysiological Study with the Use of a Polygraph as a Separate Criminal Intelligence and Surveillance Activity Within the Framework of Relevant Problems of Polygraph Use in Internal Affairs Agencies
Juridical Psychology The paper identifies gaps in current Russian legislation regarding the formal classification of polygraph-based SPPR as a distinct operational-surveillance activity, arguing for explicit statutory recognition… [049] (2024)Assessing the Reliability and Evidentiary Value of Polygraph Tests
International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research The review concludes that polygraph tests lack the scientific reliability necessary for use as definitive legal evidence. While proponents cite 80-90% accuracy under controlled settings,… [050] (2024)Lie-telling Evaluation Task
PsycTESTS Dataset Children show developmental sophistication in distinguishing lie types, with socio-cultural lies judged less negatively with age. Specific parental deceptive behaviors, particularly threatening lies, strongly predicted… [051] (2024)A Letter to the Editor Regarding the APA's Terminology Reference for the Science of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception
European Polygraph The letter presents specific critiques of terminology standards proposed by the APA for polygraph practice and research. [052] (2024)Polygraph-based deception detection and Machine Learning: Combining the Worst of Both Worlds?
Forensic Science International: Synergy The study concludes that applying machine learning to inherently problematic polygraph data does not address the fundamental scientific validity issues and may create additional concerns… [053] (2024)The Effectiveness of The Polygraph Instrument (Lie Detector) As Evidance In Court
Andalas Law Journal Polygraph results occupy an auxiliary evidentiary position in Indonesian courts—permitted to assist judges but excluded from primary evidence status under the Criminal Procedure Code's requirements,… [054] (2024)How Entangled is Factuality and Deception in German?
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024 The study found zero correlation between established linguistic deception cues and actual deception in German texts when factuality and belief are properly disentangled. Both traditional… [055] (2024)Unmasking Lies: A Literature Review on Facial Expressions and Machine Learning for Deception Detection
Procedia Computer Science Machine learning models achieve superior performance compared to human judges (AI: 72-97% accuracy vs. humans: 57%), with multimodal approaches outperforming single-modality systems. However, significant limitations… [056] (2024)Phylogenetic and Pantomimical Aspects of Gestures in Lie Detection .
Moscow Juridical Journal The study identified two categories of deceptive gestures: adaptive gestures representing physiological self-preservation responses to threat, and resource gestures with regressive origins in attachment behavior.… [057] (2024)ДЕЯКІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПОЛІГРАФА У КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ ПРОВАДЖЕННІ В УКРАЇНІ ТА СВІТІ
Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs kogo Derzhavnogo Universytety Vnutrishnikh Sprav Ukrainian courts demonstrate inconsistent approaches to polygraph evidence admissibility, with some courts recognizing forensic psychophysiological examinations as valid evidence while others reject polygraph results due… [058] (2024)A Review of Automatic Lie Detection from Facial Features
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior Automated facial lie detection systems achieve average accuracy of 61.87% to 72.93% depending on classifier type, based on average datasets of 52 individuals. Most studies… [059] (2024)From Polygraphs to Truth Machines: Artificial Intelligence in Lie Detection
Critical Humanities AI-enhanced lie detection systems introduce novel concerns around 'biomarkers of deceit,' algorithmic opacity, invasive data collection, and bias, potentially enabling pervasive 'truth machines' that displace… [060] (2024)What Are We Teaching Future Australian Criminal Justice Practitioners About Lie Detection? A Review of Criminology Textbooks
Journal of Criminal Justice Education Of 95 textbooks examined in Queensland criminal justice programs, only 7.4% discussed deception detection and only 4.2% addressed the scientific evidence showing nonverbal behavioral cues… [061] (2024)Introducing Mediated Statement Analysis (Msa): Examining Truthful or Untruthful Social Media Posts to Decode Deception Online
The research successfully developed a nine-category MSA framework that identifies distinctive textual and linguistic patterns differentiating truthful from deceptive social media posts, demonstrating particular utility… [062] (2024)On the Impact of a Simulated Cognitive Augmentation to Detect Deception on Decision-making Confidence
ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction Visualization methods alone did not significantly affect decision-making confidence, but a strong positive correlation existed between users' comfort with cognitive augmentation technologies and their decision-making… [063] (2024)Use of special technical means (polygraph) on personnel recruitment in corporate structures
Vestnik Universiteta Sociological surveys indicate that polygraph screening is increasingly accepted and utilized as a personnel recruitment tool in Russian corporate structures, with both employers and employees… [064] (2024)The use of a polygraph in the investigation of criminal offences: problems of tactics and legal regulation
Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence The research revealed dual judicial approaches in Ukraine—some courts recognize polygraph evidence while others reject it entirely—and identified three pending legislative bills aimed at regulation.… [065] (2023)Polygraph Testing in Criminal Proceedings: Safe and Sound or Swimming Against the Tide? A Legal and Criminological-Psychological Analysis Based on its Use in Belgium
European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Belgium performs over 300 Comparison Question Tests annually for serious offenses including murder, rape, theft, and arson, operated by five specially trained police officers, despite… [066] (2023)Application of the polygraph under the conditions of marital state in Ukraine
Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences Polygraph applications in Ukraine shifted to 75% security-focused operations during martial law, with voluntary mobilization of civilian examiners supporting military vetting, infiltrator detection, and mass… [067] (2023)Polygraph Testing in Criminal Proceedings: A Legal and Criminological-Psychological Analysis Based on its Use in Belgium
European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Belgium represents a unique case in Western Europe by formally codifying polygraph use in criminal investigations at a time when most European countries have avoided… [068] (2023)PENGGUNAAN POLIGRAF (LIE DETECTOR) DALAM PEMBUKTIAN PERKARA PERSETUBUHAN ANAK
Verstek Polygraph evidence in the Indonesian child sexual assault case was deemed admissible as documentary evidence under Article 184(1) KUHAP, but strictly as complementary evidence requiring… [069] (2023)State v. Pierce: Refining the Standard for the Admission of Polygraph Evidence
Tennessee Journal of Law and Policy The Tennessee Supreme Court ruled that polygraph evidence is inherently unreliable and therefore inadmissible at sentencing, including in sex offender risk assessment reports, ending the… [070] (2023)Keberadaan Lie Detector dalam Pembuktian Tindak Pidana
Jurnal Justice Aswaja Lie detector evidence is not recognized as primary evidence in Indonesian criminal trials but can be admitted as expert testimony under Article 184(1) of KUHAP… [071] (2023)Polygraph Examinations as Preventative Measure of Corruptive Behavior – A Case Study
Open Journal for Psychological Research The study demonstrates the practical implementation of evidence-based polygraph methods (ESS scoring) for corruption prevention in Bulgarian workplaces, advocating for preventive screening as a deterrent… [072] (2023)Challenges for Deception and Lie Detection Research
An Introduction to the Science of Deception and Lie Detection The field demonstrates lack of consensus on fundamental issues, with weak and declining behavioral cue effect sizes and profound ecological validity limitations stemming from artificial… [073] (2023)PERANCANGAN LIE DETECTOR MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO
Jupiter: Journal of Computer & Information Technology The Arduino-based lie detector prototype failed to produce encouraging results, with unintended outcomes highlighting the substantial gap between DIY polygraph systems and professionally validated instrumentation. [074] (2023)Deception in the Emergency Setting
Emergency Psychiatry Research shows that malingering suspicion is common in emergency psychiatry, with 20% of patients strongly suspected and one-third suspected to some degree. Suicidal ideation (58%)… [075] (2023)Investigating Feminicide in Mexico: The Conversation Management Approach proposal
European Polygraph The paper provides a detailed case-study framework demonstrating how the Conversation Management technique can be applied to feminicide investigations through non-accusatory, information-gathering interviews with strategic… [076] (2023)The influence of false evidence ploy variants on perceptions of coercion and deception
Journal of Forensic Psychology: Research and Practice Participants failed to distinguish between the FEP and bluff tactics in terms of deceptiveness or coercion, and neither deception type nor interrogation length (1 vs.… [077] (2023)Murderer at the door! To lie or to mislead?
People judge lies as more reliable and committed than misleading statements. When deception is forbidden, lying is judged morally worse than misleading; in the murderer-at-the-door… [078] (2023)Deception in Amber Heard and Johnny Depp’s Trials
Journal of the College of Education for Women Depp used fabrication (40%) and equivocation strategies most frequently, while Heard employed fabrication (50%) and concealment. Both parties showed equal frequencies (37.5%) of deception motivated… [079] (2023)Psychological and Ethological Aspects of the Classification of Gestures With Deliberate Concealment of Information (Deception)
SSRN Electronic Journal Gestures during deception were adaptive and resourceful in nature, with genesis rooted in evolutionary stress responses. The classification distinguishes between adaptive gestures (physiological self-preservation reactions)… [080] (2023)Some Features of Conducting a Screening Examination Using a Polygraph
Современное образование Full text was not accessible for detailed analysis. The article appears to address procedural and methodological considerations specific to multi-issue screening examinations in Russian corporate… [081] (2023)Getting the better understanding of truth: Diving into the polygraph test
Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine Three case studies illustrate how voluntary polygraph examinations using the Control Question Test format can assist criminal investigations in India's consent-based legal framework, though the… [082] (2023)Legal principles of polygraph use in the field of corruption prevention: international experience
Cuestiones Políticas The study identifies diverse international approaches to polygraph regulation in corruption prevention, with Japan operating approximately 70 polygraph examiners across police laboratories and some jurisdictions… [083] (2023)To Use or Not to Use? Revisiting And Rethinking the Use of Polygraph and Psychophysiological Assessments in the Law Enforcement Setting
Psychology and Behavioral Science International Journal The review highlights the continued tension between law enforcement needs for integrity assessment tools and persistent scientific skepticism about polygraph validity, particularly given risks of… [084] (2023)When do people lie, for whom, and why? : Altruistic lying in an alibi corroboration context
Explicit requests doubled false corroboration rates (49% vs 26%). Pre-existing friends received false alibis 41% of the time versus 18% for strangers. Surprisingly, experimentally-induced liking… [085] (2022)Mimicry Deception Scale
PsycTESTS Dataset The MDS demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Long-term deception scores positively correlated with Machiavellianism, conscientiousness, and planning, with the complexity facet predicting successful… [086] (2022)What counts as a lie in and out of the courtroom? The effect of discourse genre on lie judgments
From Lying to Perjury Participants judged false implicatures to be less of a lie when they came from witnesses testifying under oath in a courtroom compared to the same… [087] (2022)Specifics of Conducting Special Psychophysiological Studies with the Use of a Polygraph on the Employees of Internal Affairs Bodies Appointed to Other Positions in the System of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Psychology and Law Comparative analysis revealed temporal changes in risk factor detection patterns between 2011 and 2020, with regional variation in identified risk factors among candidates screened from… [088] (2022)Deception in Police Interrogations
Justice, Crime, and Ethics U.S. courts have consistently upheld police deception as constitutionally permissible under most circumstances, though research shows these tactics contribute to false confessions, particularly among vulnerable… [089] (2022)Psychological, Organizational and Legal Aspects of the Use of Polygraph for the Evaluation of Reliability of Candidates to Security, Defense and Law Enforcement Agencies
Juridical psychology The full text was unavailable for review. The paper appears to provide a theoretical and legal analysis of polygraph screening practices in Russian security agencies,… [090] (2022)Looking for Lies: An Exploratory Analysis for Automated Detection of Deception
Word count-based machine learning models were most accurate at detecting deception (76% accuracy), with similar performance across video and text-based interviews, though significant gender bias… [091] (2022)Assessment of Credibility of Testimony in Alleged Intimate Partner Violence: A Case Report
Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice The structured assessment using the Six-Factor test and B-SAFER concluded the alleged victim's testimony was of low credibility, finding no police reports, inconsistent medical evidence,… [092] (2022)Polygraph examinations in Russia
Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego Polygraph use in Russia's Ministry of Internal Affairs increased 14-fold from 2002-2007, reaching nearly 22,000 examinations annually, with 35,000-40,000 examinations conducted across federal agencies by… [093] (2022)Are Presidential Candidates Impervious to Deception Detection? A Test of Voters' Truth‐Default
Presidential Studies Quarterly Most voters (>50%) did not spontaneously mention deception, veracity, suspicion, or evasiveness in open-ended responses after watching presidential campaign interviews, even when the candidate was… [094] (2022)Deception in the Interrogation Room: A Framework for Understanding the Psychology of Deceptive Investigative Practices
The framework identifies that deceptive interrogation practices share a common feature of misleading subjects about question purposes and response consequences, but differ in their underlying… [095] (2022)Psychophysiological lie detection using a polygraph: flaws and stagnation
Расследование преступлений: проблемы и пути их решения Unable to determine without access to the original paper. [096] (2022)Psychological and Legal Aspects of Verification and Detection of Lies during Polygraph Examination
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience Individuals showing deception demonstrated higher adaptive abilities but lower neuropsychological stability, with significant reactive aggression. Truthful respondents scored highest on reliability and moral norms scales,… [097] (2022)Polygraph Testing and Social Intolerance: A Warning to Examiners Outside of the United States
European Polygraph Testing applicants for social intolerance represents a dangerous expansion from behavioral screening to thought-screening that could encourage efforts to prohibit polygraph testing internationally. [098] (2022)Should Blind Evaluation of Polygraph Charts Be a Mandatory Procedure in Evidentiary Examinations?
European Polygraph Empirical research demonstrates that prior information about examinees influences polygraph chart interpretation through confirmation bias. The paper advocates for mandatory blind evaluation procedures in evidentiary… [099] (2022)A Survey of the Views of Catholic Safeguarding Coordinators about the Inclusion of the Polygraph in Psychological Risk Assessments of Clerics
European Polygraph Safeguarding coordinators' views on polygraph utility were mixed, with those having direct experience demonstrating clearer perspectives. Coordinators identified need for structured training on forensic assessment… [100] (2022)ADMISSIBILITY AND EVIDENCE OF THE RESULTS OF THE CONDUCTED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH WITH THE USE OF A POLYGRAPH
Juridical scientific and electronic journal Ukrainian courts demonstrate inconsistent approaches to polygraph admissibility, with some accepting forensic psychological examination conclusions as valid evidence while appellate courts and the Supreme Court… [101] (2022)What Do Polygraphers–Practitioners Expect from Science?
European Polygraph Polygraph practitioners demonstrated a strong preference for familiar techniques over scientific innovations, with minimal interest expressed in neurophysiological detection methods (EEG, fMRI) or remote sensing… [102] (2022)Bayesian Persuasion with Lie Detection
The Sender lies more when lie detection probability increases. Below a critical threshold, equilibrium payoffs are unaffected because the Sender compensates by lying more frequently;… [103] (2022)The emergence of “truth machines”?: Artificial intelligence approaches to lie detection
Ethics and Information Technology The paper's central argument is that HR managers should cease using technologically-based lie detection systems entirely and work to foster trust and accountability on a… [104] (2022)Exploring the implications of item-level data in sex offenders’ maintenance polygraph results
Journal of Sexual Aggression Subjects rarely made serious disclosures during the exam process, and a substantial portion were required to retake exams despite not registering as deceptive on any… [105] (2022)Dataset Bias in Deception Detection
2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) A gender-prediction classifier achieved comparable performance (64.6% and 59.3% AUC) to state-of-the-art deception detection systems on the Real-life Trial dataset, while those same techniques performed… [106] (2022)The politics of deceptive borders: 'biomarkers of deceit' and the case of iBorderCtrl
Information, Communication & Society The iBorderCtrl system showed severe limitations including training on only 32 actors with demographic bias, detection accuracy of only 75%, and methodologically invalid validation procedures… [107] (2022)Security Clearance and Polygraph Examination
DAAAM Proceedings The study demonstrated measurable physiological responses across multiple sensor channels during security clearance-relevant questioning, providing empirical support for continued polygraph use in personnel security vetting… [108] (2021)Social Intolerance: A Dangerous and Mistaken Approach to Polygraph Testing for Positions of Trust: Response to Nelson and Handler
American Polygraph Association Magazine Testing for social intolerance is highly objectionable and likely to encourage efforts to prohibit polygraph testing, especially internationally, with concerns about increased false positives/negatives and… [109] (2021)Fallacies in the estimation of the validity of the Comparison Question Polygraph Test: A reply to Ginton (2020)
Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling The authors dismiss Ginton's defenses and conclude his paired-examination validity estimates are untrustworthy due to confirmation bias, criterion contamination, and violated methodological assumptions that inflate… [110] (2021)The Role of Lie Detection Based System in Controlling Borders
DAAAM Proceedings Laboratory testing of the iBorderCtrl ADDS component with 32 participants achieved approximately 76% accuracy (75.56% for deceptive, 73.67% for truthful participants), but field testing produced… [111] (2021)Zombie forensics: the use of the polygraph and the integrity of the criminal justice system in England and Wales
International Journal of Evidence & Proof The study concludes that polygraph use in probation creates a detrimental contradiction to legal order integrity, as it relies on scientifically invalid methods while being… [112] (2021)Would You Lie For Me? : Alibi Corroboration Between Strangers And Non-Strangers
Participants in friendship and stranger conditions were equally likely to corroborate false alibis, but presence of physical evidence (money) dramatically reduced lying rates compared to… [113] (2021)The Impact of Culture in Deception and Deception Detection
Terrorism, Security, and Computation Cultural factors substantially affect both deceptive behavior and detection accuracy; deception cues like eye gaze vary significantly across cultures; people lie differently within versus across… [114] (2021)Psychological Assumptions Underlying Credibility Assessments in Finnish Asylum Determinations
Officials held assumptions about presentation of truthful claims, plausibility of behavior, and asylum system knowledge that were only partially aligned with psychological science. More than… [115] (2021)The effect of emotional expression during the disclosure of sexual abuse on the perceived credibility of the CSA victims
Človek a spoločnosť Children displaying positive emotional expression during sexual abuse disclosure were perceived as significantly less credible than those showing sad, angry, or neutral emotions, with emotional… [116] (2021)Uncovering crime scene staging using deception detection
Detection Avoidance in Homicides Analysis of 141 staged scenes revealed that 43% of intimate partner femicides involved detection avoidance. Staging typically involved known offenders using blunt force or strangulation,… [117] (2021)Implementation of Muscle Testing for Lie Detection
Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation Traditional lie detection methods produce false positives when subjects are anxious or emotionally aroused, and computational approaches to lie prediction remain underdeveloped, creating opportunity for… [118] (2021)Reconciling Adapted Psychological Profiling with the New European Data Protection Legislation
Studies in Computational Intelligence The paper identifies a fundamental challenge in reconciling black-box artificial neural network systems with GDPR's requirement that individuals receive meaningful explanations of automated profiling decisions,… [119] (2021)Evidence Based Practice Integration into Polygraph Practice: A Suggested Paradigm
European Polygraph The paper argues that the polygraph field's movement toward rigid standardization may have overcorrected, potentially sacrificing necessary clinical flexibility for individual cases and circumstances. [120] (2021)The Use of Narcoanalysis by Polish Counterintelligence in the 1930s
European Polygraph Polish military intelligence routinely used narcoanalysis for counterintelligence interrogations in the 1930s, making it among the first systematic governmental applications of drug-induced interrogation worldwide. [121] (2021)Keynote Speech 4: A Conversational AI Approach to Detecting Deception and Tackling Insurance Fraud
2021 Tenth International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Information Systems (ICICIS) The underlying Decision Engine achieved 69-72% accuracy detecting deception in conversations using linguistic markers including hedging, pronoun usage, sentiment variation, and proximity-based features, outperforming baseline… [122] (2021)THE POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION FROM THE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
AGORA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JURIDICAL SCIENCES Polygraph examinations in Romania serve investigative functions including suspect elimination and statement verification, but require proper expert certification and must be corroborated with other evidence… [123] (2021)Not 'very English' – on the use of the polygraph by the penal system in England and Wales
The Journal of Criminal Law All arguments used by proponents to justify state polygraph use fail when subjected to detailed critique, and FOI research revealed concerning lack of consistency in… [124] (2020)The essence of the polygraph method and its usage in Bulgaria
5th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences: Conference Proceedings Bulgaria operates under a unique legal framework where polygraph evidence must be incorporated into psychological expert testimony rather than standing alone. Commercial polygraph use has… [125] (2020)Practical polygraph: Interviewing and screening public-safety applicants for social intolerance
American Polygraph Association Magazine Authors concluded that polygraph examiners should become conversant with social intolerance topics and provided operational definitions, mind-mapping tools, and interview strategies for addressing religious, gender,… [126] (2020)Polygraph lie detector tests: can they really stop criminals reoffending?
Polygraphs show 80-90% accuracy but are far from foolproof. UK pilot data showed polygraphed sex offenders made twice as many disclosures, but the article questions… [127] (2020)Concealed emotion analysis and recognition method
Advances in Psychological Science The paper presents a theoretical framework integrating micro-expressions with synchronized EEG and multiple physiological channels to overcome limitations of single-modality concealed emotion detection, with proposed… [128] (2020)THE USE OF A POLYGRAPH DURING THE INVESTIGATION OF MURDERS INVOLVING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics The study concluded that polygraph use in criminal proceedings, particularly for domestic violence murder investigations, has practical application potential and can create appropriate conditions for… [129] (2020)Deception and the Elderly
Detecting Malingering and Deception Elderly individuals present unique challenges for polygraph testing due to reduced electrodermal activity, autonomic dysfunction, and medication effects. Older adults also show significantly lower deception… [130] (2020)The Structure of Deception: Validation of the Lying Profile Questionnaire
The LPQ demonstrated strong reliability (omega = 0.83) with four factors and three distinct lying profiles. K-means clustering revealed Tricksters (35%), Average (42%), and Virtuous… [131] (2020)The analysis of nonverbal communication: the dangers of pseudoscience in security and justice contexts
Anuario de Psicología Jurídica All three examined nonverbal deception detection programs (SPOT, BAI, synergology) lack scientific validity, with human ability to detect deceptive behavior performing at chance levels despite… [132] (2020)A Hundred Years of Polygraphy: Some Primary Changes and Related Issues
European Polygraph Horvath identified several primary transformations that fundamentally altered the trajectory of the polygraph profession from its origins in early 20th century American law enforcement to… [133] (2020)Case Studies Using the Polygraph to Assist in Assessing Sexual Risk in Three Clerics
European Polygraph One priest failed polygraph testing and subsequently disclosed downloading hundreds of images of minors and engaging in sexual contact with boys; a second priest passed… [134] (2020)Trying an Accused Serial Sexual Harasser for Libel in a US Civil Court
European Polygraph The paper provides a blueprint for collaboration between victims, polygraph experts, statisticians, and attorneys to litigate libel suits using hypothesis-testing frameworks and comparative controlled designs. [135] (2020)Important Aspects of Polygraph Examinations of Islamic Faith People
European Polygraph Full text not accessible for analysis. [136] (2020)The Limits of Conscious Deception Detection: When Reliance on False Deception Cues Contributes to Inaccurate Judgments
Frontiers in Psychology Distrust produced dramatically below-chance accuracy (d = -0.89 to -2.09), with participants judging truth-tellers as more deceptive than liars. Trust conditions produced above-chance accuracy (d… [137] (2020)A Study on the Development of the Admissibility of Polygraph Tests in India
SSRN Electronic Journal Both American and Indian legal systems have adopted highly restrictive positions on polygraph admissibility—the U.S. based primarily on scientific unreliability and failure to meet evidentiary… [138] (2020)THE USE OF POLYGRAPH TESTING RESULTS IN CRIMINAL CASE PROVING
Russian investigator Polygraph results occupy an ambiguous position in Russian criminal evidence law—usable by investigators and potentially admissible through expert testimony, but not considered a standalone source… [139] (2020)Considerations regarding deception detection in investigative activities
SERIES VII - SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LAW Deception indicators mark areas requiring further exploration rather than providing proof of deception; subjectivity in deception assessment can be diminished through awareness of limitations but… [140] (2020)Uncovering Credibility
The Oxford Handbook of Law and Humanities Evidence law relies on a false equivalence between detecting liars and determining who should be believed, using status-based proxies for social worthiness rather than scientifically… [141] (2020)Airport artificial intelligence can detect deception: or am i lying?
Security Journal The authors conclude that in vivo testing of AI deception detection based on micro-expressions is naïve and misinformed, noting that micro-expressions occur in only 2%… [142] (2020)Technologies in the twilight zone: early lie detectors, machine learning and reformist legal realism
International Review of Law, Computers & Technology The study reveals a dual-system phenomenon where polygraphs were consistently excluded from courtrooms under the Frye standard yet flourished in employment screening, investigation, and interrogation—a… [143] (2020)The Use of Polygraph Test in Clinical Forensic Psychiatry Settings
Ethical Issues in Clinical Forensic Psychiatry Polygraph use varies dramatically by jurisdiction, with 79% adoption in US sex offender programs but limited European use. The chapter identifies significant ethical concerns regarding… [144] (2020)Clearer than Truth: The Polygraph and the American Cold War
Journal of American History Baesler argues that the polygraph's ambiguity was key to its Cold War influence, with the technology embodying conflicts between collective security and personal autonomy. The… [145] (2020)Structural Police Deception in American Police Interrogation: A Closer Look at Minimization and Maximization
Interrogation, Confession, and Truth Minimization and maximization interrogation techniques are inherently deceptive practices integral to the structure of American police interrogation, operating through pragmatic implication to communicate promises of… [146] (2020)THE ADMISSIBILITY OF POLYGRAPH TEST AS EVIDENCE
Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2020- 7th International Conference on Education and Education of Social Sciences The paper identifies significant jurisdictional variation in polygraph admissibility standards, with some courts maintaining per se exclusion while others admit results under stipulation or specific… [147] (2020)5 Costs and Consequences of Deception, Coercion, and False Confessions: The Norfolk Four
Understanding Police Interrogation All four wrongfully convicted sailors passed polygraph tests but were falsely told they failed; extended interrogations of 8-11 hours produced false confessions that were later… [148] (2020)International practice of using polygraph testing for sex offenders
Russian Journal of Psychiatry PCSOT has demonstrated robust disclosure facilitation effects in both US and UK settings — with clinically relevant new disclosures occurring in over 60% of UK… [149] (2019)On Human Predictions with Explanations and Predictions of Machine Learning Models: A Case Study on Deception Detection
Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency Explanations alone produced only modest improvements in human deception detection (from 51.1% baseline), while showing ML predicted labels yielded over 20% relative improvement. However, this… [150] (2019)Об аморальности обмана как средства получения достоверных показаний
Вестник МГПУ. Серия Юридические науки The paper concludes that any transmission of false information to an interrogated person should be considered deception and is morally impermissible during formal interrogations, though… [151] (2019)Why Methods Matter: Approaches to the Study of Deception and Considerations for the Future
The Palgrave Handbook of Deceptive Communication Methodological choices—including stakes, participant motivation, social interaction, and whether lies are instructed or spontaneous—fundamentally determine research outcomes. High-stakes conditions increase false alarms rather than improving… [152] (2019)Why refugee visa credibility assessments lack credibility: a critical discourse analysis
Griffith Law Review Credibility assessments rely on flawed language ideologies that assign sole authorship to asylum seekers while erasing the roles of interpreters, decision-makers, and institutional processes. This… [153] (2019)Effects of Deception on the Deceiver: An Interdisciplinary View
The Palgrave Handbook of Deceptive Communication Deception activates multiple brain processes that create cognitive and emotional loads impairing communication management, and self-deception inevitably emerges as a consequence that alters the deceiver's… [154] (2019)Younger and older adults’ lie-detection and credibility judgments of children's coached reports
Psychology, Crime & Law Older adults had significantly lower discrimination scores, a stronger truth bias, and greater confidence compared to younger adults when evaluating children's coached lies. Older adults… [155] (2019)The impact of hedged testimony on judgments of credibility
Applied Cognitive Psychology Without cross-examination, participants counterintuitively rated testimony as more credible when the assault occurred 15 years ago (age 4 encoding). However, with cross-examination, participants appropriately rated… [156] (2019)Community Standards of Deception
SSRN Electronic Journal Deception is perceived as ethical and people want to be deceived when deception prevents unnecessary harm. Eight community standards of deception were identified that most… [157] (2019)Managing Face in the Midst of Interpersonal Deception: A Cross-Cultural Examination
The Palgrave Handbook of Deceptive Communication Thai participants reported significantly more avoiding behaviors when responding to detected deception, while American participants used more dominating behaviors. Avoiding behaviors were positively correlated with… [158] (2019)Polygraph Tests - Benefits and Challenges
Academicus International Scientific Journal Polygraph tests measure heart rate/blood pressure, respiration, and skin responses based on the assumption that dishonest individuals exhibit different autonomic responses than truthful individuals. However,… [159] (2019)Facial Cues for Deception Detection in Virtual Reality Based Communication
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Big Data and Internet of Things Human observers were no better at detecting deception from VR avatars than in previous traditional experiments, and classification analysis identified substantial limitations in accurately representing… [160] (2019)The History, Present, and Future of Police Deception During Interrogation
The Palgrave Handbook of Deceptive Communication Police interrogation underwent major reforms between the 1930s and 1970s that replaced physical coercion with psychological deception. False-evidence ploys increase false confession rates by approximately… [161] (2019)An urban legend called: The 7/38/55 Ratio Rule
European Polygraph The 7/38/55 ratio applies only to judgments of emotional attitude based on single inconsistent words, not to complex communication, factual content, or deception detection contexts,… [162] (2019)Suggestion and its impact on the credibility of the statements of the minor witness
Issues of Forensic Science Research demonstrates reliable age-related declines in suggestibility, with 83% of developmental studies detecting decreased susceptibility with age. However, proper interview protocols using open-ended questions and… [163] (2019)Likelihood Ratio in Evidential Evaluation of Polygraph Examination
Internal Security The paper demonstrates that likelihood ratio frameworks can quantify the evidential weight of polygraph results by comparing the probability of observed physiological responses under deception… [164] (2019)The case against the use of polygraph examinations to monitor post-conviction sex offenders
Legal and Criminological Psychology The CQT has no scientific basis for use with sex offenders and suffers from major theoretical and methodological flaws that make it even more problematic… [165] (2019)Appendix B. State Supreme Court Decisions for Polygraph Evidence
Black Robes, White Coats The appendix reveals highly inconsistent treatment of polygraph evidence across state supreme courts, with jurisdictions adopting per se bans, stipulation requirements, or case-by-case discretion, reflecting… [166] (2019)The pharmacologic treatment of problematic sexual interests, paraphilic disorders, and sexual preoccupation in adult men who have committed a sexual offence
International Review of Psychiatry Pharmacological treatments — particularly anti-androgens and GnRH agonists — were found to effectively reduce deviant sexual arousal and recidivism risk when combined with psychotherapy, with… [167] (2018)Believing is Seeing: The Influence of Expectations on Blind Scoring of Polygraph Data
Polygraph and Forensic Credibility Assessment Polygraph scores and decisions were systematically shifted in the direction of biasing information provided to examiners, demonstrating that confirmation bias can penetrate standardized numerical scoring… [168] (2018)James Q. Murdoch: How to Pass a Polygraph, San Bernardino 2018, 23 pp.
European Polygraph The review documents a commercially available countermeasure manual that provides step-by-step instructions on controlling physiological responses, managing anxiety, and employing mental and physical techniques to… [169] (2018)Using the Lie Detector Test to Curb Corruption in the Nigeria Police Force
SSRN Electronic Journal The paper concludes that polygraph testing could help curb corruption in the Nigeria Police Force only if multiple conditions are met: adequate funding through the… [170] (2018)Who Speaks for Neuroscience? Neuroimaging Evidence and Courtroom Expertise
Case Western Reserve Law Review The paper identifies that no clear standard exists for determining which medical or scientific professionals are qualified to interpret neuroimaging evidence in court, creating risks… [171] (2018)Sexual offender's experiences of polygraph testing: a thematic study in three probation trusts
Journal of Sexual Aggression Mandatory polygraph testing was associated with increased high-risk disclosures, enhanced motivation for honesty, and improved compliance with license conditions according to both offenders and their… [172] (2018)Is a polygraph a reliable lie detector?
Polygraphs provide only 'slight' confidence in truth-telling with no 100% reliable indicator of deception. The Supreme Court found no consensus on polygraph reliability, noting polygraph… [173] (2018)THE SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PERIODIC PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH SYSTEM WITH USE OF POLYGRAPH IN PERSONNEL WORKING PROCESS IN THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF UKRAINE AND THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE
Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences The study establishes a framework for periodic psychophysiological research systems within Ukrainian military structures, addressing legal justifications, organizational integration, and standards for systematic personnel screening. [174] (2018)Behavioral genetics of deception detection performance
Journal of Managerial Psychology Deception detection performance was largely determined by shared and non-shared environmental influences rather than genetic factors. Declarative training significantly moderated changes in detection performance, indicating… [175] (2018)Evaluating Credibility of Witnesses – are We Instructing Jurors on Invalid Factors?
Journal of Tort Law Meta-analytic evidence demonstrates that people achieve only 54% accuracy in lie-truth judgments (compared to 50% chance), nonverbal cues show weak effect sizes (d = .25),… [176] (2018)British and American Interrogation Strategies
Interviewing and Deception British interrogation reform following PACE 1984 created a fundamental philosophical divide from American practice, with England and Wales developing an open-minded truth-seeking ethos while American… [177] (2018)Does the Law Circumvent Justice from Being Served?
European Polygraph The study likely identifies specific ways in which legal procedures may circumvent or obstruct the proper administration of justice. [178] (2018)Perceptions and Misunderstandings of Polygraph Testing - Comparison between Police Officers and College Students -
치안정책연구 Police officers believed polygraph tests were accurate and trustworthy, whereas college students displayed contrasting skeptical perceptions. Students expressed concerns that state anxiety could lead to… [179] (2018)UTILIZATION OF POLYGRAPH IN ORDER TO QUALIFY SUBJECTIVE ASPECT OF PERPETRATOR OF A PROHIBITED ACT
Acta Iuris Stetinensis Polygraph examinations are legally permissible in Poland under Article 199a to help assess defendant mental states, though results serve as evidentiary support rather than dispositive… [180] (2018)Lie Detection and the Law
The polygraph persists in legal systems not through scientific validity but through strategic management of uncertainty and migration to less-regulated legal spaces like interrogations and… [181] (2018)The polygraph machine in the United States criminal courts
Lie Detection and the Law The three-category heuristic for polygraph admissibility obscures significant complexity in how courts negotiate scientific uncertainty, with polygraph evidence following different trajectories across jurisdictions and persisting… [182] (2018)The exclusionary toolkit
Lie Detection and the Law Courts employ a systematic 'exclusionary toolkit' of legal strategies to exclude polygraph evidence, constructing and deploying scientific uncertainty through challenges to validity, reliability concerns, and… [183] (2018)Torture, technology and truth
Lie Detection and the Law Lie detection technologies function as much through social and legal processes as through scientific capabilities, with uncertainties being managed differently across contexts. The work demonstrates… [184] (2018)Cross-cultural verbal deception
Legal and Criminological Psychology Cultural cues overshadowed deception cues across all measures. While truth tellers provided more details than liars in all three cultures, the effect was significantly stronger… [185] (2017)DECEITFULNESS ACCORDING TO THE INDICATORS OF EMOTIONAL MATURITY METHODOLOGY AND POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION
Science and Education Integrative deceitfulness parameters correlated strongly with emotional maturity components, with empathic individuals showing the highest probabilistic deceitfulness. Factor analysis revealed that component dominance in emotional… [186] (2017)Induction of memories and psychological criteria of assessing credibility of testimony
Issues of Forensic Science Induced memories are characterized by departure from rational reflection, active rationalization aimed at believability, and absence of spontaneous corrections. Key credibility assessment criteria include testimony… [187] (2017)Using Interpreters and Translators in the Interviewing and Interrogation Processes
Behavior, Truth and Deception Interpreter selection, preparation, and management are foundational to successful multilingual interviews. Professional, neutral interpreters with cultural competence are essential; family members or acquaintances should never… [188] (2017)Social Dynamics of Deception
Deception in the Digital Age The chapter reveals that underground cybercrime markets develop sophisticated trust mechanisms and social hierarchies despite operating in inherently adversarial environments. Price, customer service, and trust… [189] (2017)Deception Detection and Opinion Spam
Socio-Affective Computing The review demonstrates that affective and psychometric linguistic features effectively distinguish deceptive from truthful communication, with character n-gram models and low-dimensionality representations achieving competitive accuracy… [190] (2017)Considerations for Interviewing Arabs and People of the Islamic Faith
Behavior, Truth and Deception The chapter emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between Arab ethnicity and Islamic faith, understanding cultural variability within Muslim populations, and recognizing specific communication norms, gender… [191] (2017)Manipulation by False Claims
Behavior, Truth and Deception Law enforcement may legally make false claims about physical evidence, witnesses, or polygraph results, but cannot misrepresent suspects' constitutional rights. While courts extend significant latitude… [192] (2017)Examinee Assessment of Distress Caused by Polygraph Examination
European Polygraph The study provides empirical data on examinee-reported distress levels during polygraph examinations, addressing legal and ethical concerns about the arduousness of testing. [193] (2017)Polygraph Examinations of Civil Servants in Poland
European Polygraph The paper reviews Polish legislation authorizing polygraph use in security agencies including the Internal Security Agency, Central Anticorruption Bureau, and military intelligence services. [194] (2017)The Role of an Interpreter in Polygraph Checking
European Polygraph Interpreted polygraph examinations require specially trained interpreters who provide literal word-for-word translation, have no personal relationship with examinees, and understand polygraph-specific timing and question formulation… [195] (2017)Considering National, Cultural, and other Features of Kazakh-Speaking Subjects of Polygraph Examinations
European Polygraph The paper identifies critical cultural considerations including the importance of tribal genealogy (Zhuz system) for establishing trust, significant regional variations in Kazakh language that affect… [196] (2017)Redefining the Road for the Industry
European Polygraph The polygraph industry had almost entirely overlooked psychological issues in its training and publishing, creating a critical disconnect between the field's foundational understanding and its… [197] (2017)The Polygraph in the English Courts
The Journal of Criminal Law The paper argues there is little English case law preventing polygraph use and that comparative reliability analysis suggests polygraphs may be more accurate than unaided… [198] (2017)Building a corpus of "real" texts for deception detection
Proceedings of the International Conference IMS-2017 The paper provides a framework for collecting the first corpus of 'real' deceptive texts for Slavic languages, using incentivized within-subjects design where 113 participants each… [199] (2017)Mental health in an open prison: preliminary research findings
Division of Forensic Psychology British Psychological Society Annual Conference Despite the relatively permissive open-prison environment producing lower anxiety and better-than-average well-being scores, rates of clinically screened mental health problems were as high as or… [200] (2017)Understanding the Link Between Emotional Intelligence and Deception: A Theoretical Model
Academy of Management Proceedings The model proposes a paradoxical relationship where high emotional intelligence enhances both the ability to deceive effectively and the ability to detect deception, while also… [201] (2017)From Geoffrey Chaucer to Jeff Sessions, misspeaking is when you lie about lying
Claiming to have 'misspoken' represents a distinct form of meta-deception where prepared, deliberate statements are retroactively characterized as errors. The linguistic strategy crosses party lines… [202] (2017)Teaching Psychiatric Trainees to “Think Dirty”: Uncovering Hidden Motivations and Deception
Psychosomatics The training curriculum improved trainee understanding of patient motivations and helped residents better regulate emotional responses to deceptive patients, with reported improvements in patient outcomes… [203] (2017)Utilizing Integrated Psychological Investigation Techniques - Focused on the Integration of the Polygraph and Forensic Hypnosis -
Korean Association of Criminal Psychology The integrated approach showed a 70% increase in overall memorial ability and a 30% increase in recalled testimony following forensic hypnosis implementation, suggesting complementary value… [204] (2017)Report from the 10th Interdepartamental Polygraph Seminar Waplewo 2017
European Polygraph The seminar focused on pre-employment screening examinations and forensic polygraph applications in criminal proceedings, with presentations including case studies from expert witnesses in Polish Border… [205] (2017)Tuvya Amsel, Practicing Polygraph, best practice guide, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, North Charleston, 2017
European Polygraph The handbook provides practitioner-focused guidance on polygraph best practices, emphasizing individualized approaches, ethical examination procedures, and solutions to common field problems based on extensive professional… [206] (2016)DECEPTION DETECTION TECHNIQUES USING POLYGRAPH IN TRIALS: CURRENT STATUS AND SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice The review found that the GKT was more theoretically sound and effective than the CQT, and that juror-eligible individuals varied in their ability to reasonably… [207] (2016)Machiavelli as a poker mate — A naturalistic behavioural study on strategic deception
Personality and Individual Differences High Machiavellians bluffed with significantly larger bet sizes but not more frequently than low Machiavellians, and the 'desire for control' sub-trait predicted bluffing frequency. High… [208] (2016)Essentials of Polygraph and Polygraph Testing
The IZCT technique achieved 100% accuracy excluding inconclusives and 90-95% accuracy including inconclusives in field validation studies, with particularly strong performance in identifying both innocent… [209] (2016)True Lies: People Who Lie Via Telling Truth Viewed Harshly, Study Finds
PsycEXTRA Dataset 52% of experienced business negotiators reported using paltering in some or most negotiations. Targets perceive paltering as ethically equivalent to lying by commission, while palterers… [210] (2016)Examiner Approach and its Impact on Polygraph Results
European Polygraph Interrogative examiner approaches aimed at extracting confessions rather than diagnostic truth assessment significantly compromise polygraph validity and can lead to false positives, as demonstrated by… [211] (2016)Polygraph Examinations Contaminating Factors
European Polygraph Multiple psychological contaminating factors can cause innocent examinees to produce inconclusive or false positive results even when standard protocols are followed correctly, with mental contamination… [212] (2016)Which lie detection tools are ready for use in the criminal justice system?
Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition Arousal-based techniques (BAI and CQT) fall short on numerous criteria despite widespread use. Cognitive approaches show more promise: Strategic Use of Evidence and encouraging interviewees… [213] (2016)A megbízhatósági vizsgálatok története: egy új jogintézmény útja
Belügyi Szemle The paper traces the legislative development and implementation of integrity testing in Hungary rather than presenting empirical research findings. [214] (2016)Validating the four components of Mimicry Deception Theory from the victim's perspective
Personality and Individual Differences All four MDT components were significantly intercorrelated, and the long-term deception composite significantly predicted post-deception doubt (Study 1) and amount of money lost (Studies 1… [215] (2016)Polygraph or Variograph?
Issues of Forensic Science The term 'polygraph' is historically and scientifically appropriate, with nearly 200 years of usage in physiological and medical literature; the proposed alternative 'variograph' lacks justification… [216] (2016)LEGAL ASPECTS OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES USING POLYGRAPH IN ANTICORRUPTION POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Polythematic Online Scientific Journal of Kuban State Agrarian University Russian courts do not recognize polygraph results as meeting evidentiary standards, yet federal agencies continue using psychophysiological examinations for personnel screening with voluntary consent. Effectiveness… [217] (2016)Report from the National Conference on the Instrumental and Non-Instrumental Methods of Detection of Deception – Current Legal Framework and the State of the Science – Rzeszów, 10–11 June 2016
European Polygraph The conference brought together Polish and international experts to discuss legal admissibility, scientific validation, and professional standards for both traditional polygraph testing and emerging non-instrumental… [218] (2016)Ethics and Standards
Essentials of Polygraph and Polygraph Testing Professional polygraph standards require validated techniques with empirical support, informed consent procedures, continuing education of at least 30 hours every two years, confidentiality protections, and… [219] (2015)Deception detection.
APA handbook of forensic psychology, Vol. 2: Criminal investigation, adjudication, and sentencing outcomes. Statement Validity Analysis achieves approximately 70% accuracy while SCAN shows no diagnostic value. Verbal cues are more diagnostic than nonverbal behaviors, and cognitive load techniques… [220] (2015)A corpus-based analysis of potential linguistic indicators of corporate deception in tobacco industry documents
Cognitive-emotional verbs (believe, think, seem, feel) were strongly associated with likely deception and most prevalent in external audience documents and materials from the Tobacco Institute… [221] (2015)Effects of Veracity, Modality, and Sanctioning on Credibility Assessment During Mediated and Unmediated Interviews
Communication Research Professional interviewers achieved 45-67% detection accuracy and were more accurate in face-to-face than video conference interviews. Deceptive participants appeared more dominant, relaxed, and credible via… [222] (2015)Public Law 100 – 347
Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice The Act prohibits private sector employers from requiring, using, or basing employment decisions on lie detector tests, with narrow exemptions for national security, ongoing theft… [223] (2015)Lie detection – of what?
Problemy kryminalistyki Polygraph testing does not directly detect lies but rather measures physiological responses associated with emotions, cognitive effort, and recognition of significant stimuli. The concept of… [224] (2015)Test question construction
Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice The chapter establishes standardized construction rules for six question types, emphasizing that proper question formulation is critical to valid results. Key principles include single-issue focus,… [225] (2015)Victim Credibility Interview
PsycTESTS Dataset In the absence of corroborating evidence, victim credibility was the most critical factor in arrest and prosecution decisions, with extralegal characteristics like victim behavior and… [226] (2015)Становление и развитие полиграфа в Казахстане
Эксперт-криминалист Kazakhstan's polygraph development progressed through three distinct stages, beginning with failed 1980s-1990s experiments with equipment lacking documentation or trained personnel, followed by attempts to create… [227] (2015)Professional Sexual Misconduct: The Role of the Polygraph in Independent Comprehensive Evaluation
Journal of Medical Regulation In 56% of polygraphed cases, important new information about sexual boundary problems was uncovered that had not been elicited through repeated interviews and standard clinical… [228] (2015)Ecologies of Deception in Psychology and Rhetoric
Quarterly Journal of Speech Deception and agency are participatory, emergent properties of rhetorical encounters rather than possessive traits of individuals. The analysis challenges subject-centered models of deception underlying most… [229] (2015)Detecting Deception: Current Challenges and Cognitive Approaches
Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice Cognitive approaches successfully detected simulation across multiple clinical domains by examining knowledge accuracy and strategic behavior patterns. Detection success depends on the extent of the… [230] (2015)The Admissibility of Polygraph Test Results
Journal of hongik law review Park argues that South Korean courts should reconsider the categorical inadmissibility of polygraph evidence established in 1979, noting that polygraph testing demonstrates 91-97% accuracy and… [231] (2015)The comparative advantages of brain-based lie detection
The International Journal of Evidence & Proof P300 CIT could serve as a credible signaling mechanism in pre-trial bargaining, allowing innocent defendants to distinguish themselves from guilty ones through voluntary testing, offering… [232] (2015)The Detection of Deception in Cross-Cultural Contexts
Understanding Facial Expressions in Communication Observers were generally poor at detecting lies both within and across cultures, with particular bias against speakers using a second language. Cross-cultural biases in deception… [233] (2015)On the possibility of using a polygraph to take testimony in court proceedings
Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta The analysis identified significant gaps in Russian legal regulation of polygraph testing, with courts facing uncertain standards for admissibility and examinees lacking standardized procedural protections… [234] (2015)The Origins of Lying and Deception in Everyday Life
American Scientist Children below age three typically peek at forbidden toys and most cannot effectively lie about it, while older preschoolers show increasing rates of both self-control… [235] (2015)Polygraph Examination Report
Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice The standardized report template requires documentation of examinee identification, examination details, relevant questions with verbatim responses, polygraph results, and qualified examiner opinions while maintaining factual… [236] (2015)The protection of innocent suspects: a comment on Palmatier and Rovner (2015)
International Journal of Psychophysiology The commentary argues that CQT and CIT differ fundamentally in how they protect innocent suspects, with this difference representing a critical gap in attempts to… [237] (2015)Polygraph legal issues
Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice Polygraph admissibility varies dramatically by jurisdiction, from per se exclusion in most federal and state courts to permissive admission in New Mexico. EPPA prohibits most… [238] (2014 • UK GOVERNMENT MANDATE)Mandatory Polygraph Testing for Sexual Offenders (Offender Management Act 2007 Implementation)
Ministry of Justice, England & Wales Following the 2012 pilot study results, the UK government mandated polygraph testing for high-risk sex offenders released on license in England and Wales. Made PCSOT… [239] (2014)Eye Contact
Encyclopedia of Deception Research across multiple studies demonstrates that eye contact is not a reliable indicator of deception, with over 80% of experts agreeing that liars and truth-tellers… [240] (2014)British Experiences of Polygraph Testing Sexual Offenders: an Update
European Polygraph Mandatory pilot data from 635 offenders showed significantly more clinically relevant disclosures compared to non-polygraphed controls. The UK implemented testing protocols requiring examinations within 8-16… [241] (2014)Polygraph Examination of Pregnant Women: Dilemmas and Recommendations
European Polygraph The study demonstrated that polygraph examination of pregnant women is feasible with appropriate accommodations, including modified break schedules and sensor placement adjustments to account for… [242] (2014)Polygraph examination in analysis of evidence
European Polygraph The paper provides a systematic framework for understanding polygraph results in relation to fundamental concepts in evidence law and forensic science, including the distinction between… [243] (2014)Scientific Content Analysis
Encyclopedia of Deception Multiple validation studies found SCAN performed at chance level accuracy (around 50%), showed poor inter-rater reliability, lacks theoretical foundation, and has been characterized by scientific… [244] (2014)Mad and Misleading: Incidental Anger Promotes Deception
SSRN Electronic Journal Across four studies, 82% of angry participants deceived counterparts versus 61% in neutral conditions (p=.019). Anger reduced empathy, which in turn increased self-serving deception, with… [245] (2014)Clever Hans
Encyclopedia of Deception Pfungst demonstrated that Clever Hans answered correctly 89% of the time when questioners knew answers and were visible, but only 6% when these conditions were… [246] (2014 • UK EVALUATION)An Evaluation of Mandatory Polygraph Testing for Sexual Offenders in the United Kingdom
Sexual Abuse Major UK evaluation study finding that mandatory polygraph testing produced significantly more risk-relevant disclosures compared to standard supervision alone, providing evidence base for the 2014… [247] (2014)Cross‐Cultural Deception Detection
Detecting Deception Cross-cultural deception detection accuracy deteriorates significantly, with eight cultural norms (including individualism-collectivism and communication context) causing culturally normative behaviors to be misinterpreted as deception. Verbal… [248] (2014)Deception in the interrogation room
PsycEXTRA Dataset Courts permit extensive deception during interrogations, including fabricating evidence, but draw lines at misrepresenting legal rights. Legal boundaries remain unclear and case-specific under the totality-of-the-circumstances… [249] (2014)False Confessions
Encyclopedia of Deception Polygraph examiners interpret ambiguous charts as indicating deception when told suspects confessed; false claims of polygraph failure have caused documented false confessions; police are legally… [250] (2014)Deception in Police Interrogation
Justice, Crime, and Ethics The authors identified eight types of deceptive interrogation tactics routinely used and judicially accepted, argued that deception in interrogation increases likelihood of deception in testimony,… [251] (2014)'I'd know a false confession if I saw one': a constructive replication with juveniles
Psychology, Crime & Law Overall accuracy averaged just 52.8% correct across both experiments, with transcript-only evaluation producing below-chance accuracy (48.9%) and audio/video presentation yielding modest but statistically significant discrimination… [252] (2014)Ranking of States by Frequency of Wrongful Convictions and Exonerations with spreadsheets
ResearchGate The District of Columbia ranked worst overall with 15.5 wrongful convictions per million population and an average of 20.9 years to exoneration, followed by Louisiana… [253] (2014)80 Proposals to STOP Wrongful Convictions: Before the End of This Decade
Book The book estimates approximately 40,000 actually innocent individuals are incarcerated in the U.S. at any given time, and proposes that universal access to polygraph examination… [254] (2014)Jurors' perceptions and decisions related to polygraph examinations during police interrogation
PsycEXTRA Dataset The study likely found that polygraph evidence significantly influences juror perceptions even when jurors are aware of its limitations, with implications for how confession evidence… [255] (2014)Erratum: Functional MRI-based lie detection: scientific and societal challenges
Nature Reviews Neuroscience The meta-analysis revealed no brain region consistently associated with deception across studies, accuracy rates varying from 69-100%, and countermeasures reducing detection from 100% to 33%.… [256] (2014)Gender differences in deception behaviour – the role of the counterpart
Applied Economics Letters No gender differences in underreporting were found based on officer gender or gender matching. Both men and women reduced deceptive behavior equally in response to… [257] (2014)The use of a polygraph as the means of collecting evidence in the legislation of Republic of Serbia
Pravo - teorija i praksa Serbian law provides incomplete regulation of polygraph testing, with basic procedural questions remaining unresolved. The polygraph is characterized as a tactical forensic tool for elimination… [258] (2014)Honest Baseline Behaviors
Encyclopedia of Deception Baseline behaviors can be systematically altered when individuals are aware they are being observed, with demand characteristics producing unconscious behavioral changes. Deviations from stable baselines… [259] (2013)Ethical practice in the use of the polygraph in working with sex offenders
In K. Harrison & B. Rainey (Eds.), Legal and ethical aspects of sex offender treatment and management The chapter identifies core ethical concerns including coercion, self-incrimination, and intrusiveness, while noting that polygraph legality and application vary internationally. It emphasizes viewing the polygraph… [260] (2013)Use of Polygraph in Ukraine
European Polygraph Specific findings unavailable due to inability to access the full article text. The article likely documented regulatory frameworks and practical applications of polygraph in Ukrainian… [261] (2013)Polygraph in Austria
European Polygraph The article provides a comprehensive survey of Austrian polygraph practices, legal regulations, and admissibility standards as of 2013, contributing important comparative data on European polygraph… [262] (2013)A Realistic Perspective of the Art and Science of Forensic Psychophysiology
European Polygraph The paper provides professional perspective on the balance between evidence-based polygraph methodology and the role of examiner skill and experience in conducting effective examinations. [263] (2013)The Investigation and Investigative Interviewing of Benefit Fraud Suspects in the UK: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
Applied Issues in Investigative Interviewing, Eyewitness Memory, and Credibility Assessment Analysis of 142 actual benefit fraud interviews revealed that while investigators displayed ethical standards and used open questions, few interviews were skilled, with particular shortcomings… [264] (2013)Understanding Body Language and the Polygraph
Nonverbal Communication: Science and Applications The chapter integrates nonverbal communication science with polygraph practice, emphasizing that behavioral observation serves as supplementary information to physiological chart analysis rather than a standalone… [265] (2013)The autonomic signature of guilt in children: A thermal infrared imaging study
PLoS ONE The mishap caused marked nasal temperature drops indicating sympathetic arousal (vasoconstriction), while subsequent soothing produced temperature increases reflecting parasympathetic recovery. Behavioral analyses confirmed distress responses,… [266] (2013)Współczesne standardy badań poligraficznych
The manual documents validated polygraph techniques with specific accuracy metrics (CIT showing 82.3% accuracy, 81.5% sensitivity, 83.2% specificity), establishes quality control procedures modeled on U.S.… [267] (2013)Decision Making Conditioned by Radical Uncertainty: Credibility Assessment at the Australian Refugee Review Tribunal
International Journal of Refugee Law Decision-makers acknowledged operating under radical uncertainty where it is impossible to know definitively if claims are credible. The study proposes a rebuttable presumption of credibility… [268] (2013)How occupational psychology helped scupper Mrs Thatcher and the polygraph: A lesson in exerting influence at the right time
OP Matters The 1986 BPS working group, chaired by Fletcher, concluded that polygraph-based techniques were unscientific and unlikely to be acceptable in the British context of employment… [269] (2013)Employing Polygraph Assessment
The Handbook of Forensic Psychology The CQT has weak theoretical foundations, is biased against innocent examinees, and vulnerability to countermeasures. Field validity studies systematically overestimate accuracy due to confession-verification bias,… [270] (2013)The forensic confirmation bias: Problems, perspectives, and proposed solutions
Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition Confessions and contextual information trigger confirmation bias that corrupts both lay witness perceptions and expert judgments across all major forensic domains, including polygraph interpretation. Studies… [271] (2013)Prospects of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Lie Detector
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience The authors conclude that fMRI is unlikely to constitute a viable lie detector for criminal courts due to unresolved scientific limitations (group vs. individual inference,… [272] (2013)Investment Professionals' Beliefs about Deception
PsycEXTRA Dataset Investment professionals believed their lie detection accuracy exceeds 65%, substantially higher than the 50-54% rate found in meta-analyses. They subscribed to invalid stereotypes about gaze… [273] (2013)Does Testimonial Inconsistency Indicate Memory Inaccuracy and Deception? Beliefs, Empirical Research, and Theory
Applied Issues in Investigative Interviewing, Eyewitness Memory, and Credibility Assessment The chapter demonstrates that inconsistency is the most often cited reason for discrediting witnesses, yet this reliance is scientifically problematic: memory research shows truthful recollections… [274] (2013)Ten possible experiments on communication and deception
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization The paper identifies that distinguishing between cost-of-lying and lack-of-sophistication explanations for observed overcommunication represents a central empirical challenge, with heterogeneous honesty attitudes and self-selection into… [275] (2013)The Affect Deception Model:A Review of Deception In Negotiation & The Role Of Emotion In Deception
Academy of Management Proceedings Dishonest individuals may experience more positive emotions than honest ones when deception goes undetected; incidental and integral emotions profoundly influence deception decisions through both direct… [276] (2013)Deception in avatar-mediated virtual environment
Computers in Human Behavior Avatar similarity in attitude and behavior heightened self-awareness, which reduced deception. Appearance similarity directly decreased deceptive behavior. Self-awareness was the key psychological mechanism linking avatar… [277] (2013)Considering the Legal Applications of Polygraph Test Results
Korean Journal Of Criminology Park concludes that polygraph results should be completely inadmissible in Korean courts, as they lack scientific reliability, violate adversarial principles, and create prejudicial impact outweighing… [278] (2013)Current FBI Polygraph/Interrogation Practices Puts the Actually Innocent at Risk of False Confession
PsycEXTRA Dataset Under FBI polygraph policies, only 17% of actually innocent people avoid interrogation, meaning 83% of the innocent are subjected to interrogation and false confession risk… [279] (2013)A comment on Farwell (2012): brain fingerprinting: a comprehensive tutorial review of detection of concealed information with event-related brain potentials
Cognitive Neurodynamics Of the studies cited by Farwell to support brain fingerprinting's perfect accuracy, only one peer-reviewed laboratory study with 20 participants and two small field studies… [280] (2013)Smiling Behaviors and Credibility in Actual Trials: Naturalistic Observations of Witnesses
PsycEXTRA Dataset Smiling enhanced perceived likeability, with smiling female witnesses rated as more likeable than smiling males or non-smiling females. Male witnesses were seen as more trustworthy… [281] (2013)Special Issue of Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling on The Detection of Deception within Investigative Contexts
Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling Individuals detect deception more accurately in situations involving real transgressions compared to mock laboratory scenarios; current baseline lie detection techniques used in interrogation do not… [282] (2013)Polygraph in the psychological personnel selection for agencies of the Internal Affairs of Ukraine: achievements, shortcomings and ways of their overcoming
Scientific works of National Aviation University. Series: Law Journal "Air and Space Law" The paper identifies successes in adopting validated polygraph techniques and growing institutional acceptance, while documenting shortcomings including inconsistent protocol application, gaps in legal frameworks, and… [283] (2013)The (F)utility of post-conviction polygraph testing
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment Despite widespread adoption in sex offender treatment programs, post-conviction polygraph testing lacks adequate evidence supporting its accuracy, efficacy, or effectiveness as a deterrent, with research… [284] (2012)Detecting Deception (book chapter)
Neuroimaging in Forensic Psychiatry: From the Clinic to the Courtroom The chapter concludes that while fMRI studies identified consistent neural correlates of deception in controlled laboratory settings, the technology in 2012 remained insufficiently validated for… [285] (2012)The use of the polygraph in assessing, treating and supervising sex offenders. a practitioner's guide edited by D. T. Wilcox, Wiley‐Blackwell Publishing, Chichester, 2009. 332 pp. ISBN 987‐0‐470‐74223‐5 (Pbk)
Child Abuse Review The reviewed book provided a comprehensive examination of post-conviction polygraph testing with sex offenders, covering empirical evidence for disclosure facilitation, practical applications across multiple contexts,… [286] (2012)The Use of the Polygraph with Sex Offenders in the UK
European Polygraph The study documented professional perspectives on polygraph technology at a pivotal moment when the UK was considering mandatory implementation following suspension of voluntary use after… [287] (2012)Detection of deception researchers needs to collaborate with experienced practitioners.
Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition The commentary argues that laboratory deception studies fail to capture the high-stakes nature of real criminal investigations and that collaboration between academic researchers and experienced… [288] (2012)Polygraph Examination in Criminal Cases. Current Polish Practice. A Critical Study
European Polygraph Polygraph examinations were performed in just one in over 6,000 Polish criminal cases during 2002–2012, with no professional quality control and many examinations conducted incorrectly… [289] (2012)The Direction of Deception: Neuro-Linguistic Programming as a Lie Detection Tool
Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology Only 9.7% of participants (3 out of 31) displayed the eye movement pattern predicted by NLP theory, a rate no better than chance. No conclusive… [290] (2012)Deception detection for the tangled web
ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society The review identified substantial inconsistencies in deception cue measurements, contradictions across studies, and significant context-dependency in detection effectiveness, revealing that the field lacked sufficient consistency… [291] (2012)Polygraph Examination Service of the Philippine National Police (PNP) Crime Laboratory - Region 10
Advancing Law Enforcement and Public Safety Research The study found that polygraph examination results were not accepted as evidence in Philippine courts or capable of convicting suspects, but most respondents agreed that… [292] (2012)Diagnosing Deception
The Science of Deception The institutionalization of lie detectors and psychotherapy in police and judicial settings, despite public resistance, led to a fundamental reconceptualization of the normal self as… [293] (2012)The Negotiator’s Challenge: Anticipating, Detecting, and Contending with Deception in Negotiations
SSRN Electronic Journal Emotions are fundamental to the deception decision process, with studies showing that undetected dishonesty can induce positive emotions ('cheater's high') rather than guilt, and that… [294] (2012)Lie-Detection, Neuroscience, and the Law of Evidence
SSRN Electronic Journal The paper's central thesis is that the Daubert standard inappropriately conflates scientific and legal standards, and that 'bad science' might be 'good evidence' in legal… [295] (2012)A Secure Group Collaboration Protocol for Nonverbal Human Social Signals Featuring Deception Detection
2012 International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust and 2012 International Confernece on Social Computing The authors developed a cryptographic protocol allowing secure multi-party computation on deception-related nonverbal social signals, providing privacy guarantees against semi-honest participants while enabling collaborative analysis… [296] (2012)Criminal Prosecutors: Over-rating lie-catching abilities and misconstrued defendants' deceptions
PsycEXTRA Dataset Prosecutors overestimated lie-detection abilities but correctly rejected nervousness and eye contact as deception indicators. However, they showed willingness to pressure defendants for confessions when convinced… [297] (2012)Impact of deception detection errors on public's trust in the police
Legal and Criminological Psychology The public trusted police officers who disbelieved suspects more than those who believed them, independent of whether the judgment was correct, indicating that lie-biased credibility… [298] (2011)The case of juvenile polygraphy as a clinical ethics dilemma
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment Polygraph use with juveniles is used by half of U.S. JSO programs despite being rarely used internationally or with other juvenile populations. Chaffin argues the… [299] (2011)Legal Admissibility of Employee Polygraph Examinations in Poland
European Polygraph Employee polygraph examinations in Poland's private sector face significant legal obstacles absent explicit statutory authorization or genuine voluntary consent. While government agencies have clear statutory… [300] (2011)Fact Sheet: Deception Detection
PsycEXTRA Dataset The fact sheet affirmed that most psychologists and scientists agree there is little basis for the validity of polygraph tests, with no unique physiological reaction… [301] (2011)Brain fingerprint or lie detector: does Canada's polygraph jurisprudence apply to emerging forensic neuroscience technologies?
Information & Communications Technology Law Brain fingerprinting may escape Canada's polygraph ban because it detects memory recognition rather than lying per se, creating a potential loophole in Canadian evidence law.… [302] (2011)Poligráf a büntetőeljárásban
Belügyi Szemle Hungarian law limits polygraph testing to the investigative phase with written consent, establishing that results serve to orient investigations and direct further evidence gathering but… [303] (2011)Assessing the adequacy of post-experimental inquiries in deception research and factors that promote participant honesty
PsycEXTRA Dataset Participants frequently fail to disclose suspicion or prior knowledge on postexperimental inquiries, with only modest improvements (d = 0.24-0.27) from computer-based administration and reward incentives,… [304] (2011)Badania poligraficzne jako metoda weryfikacji wersji śledczych
Polygraph examination results have primarily investigative rather than evidentiary significance, serving to eliminate inaccurate investigative scenarios and narrow the focus of further investigation. Treating polygraph… [305] (2011)The influence of fMRI lie detection evidence on juror decision-making
Behavioral Sciences and the Law fMRI lie detection evidence increased guilty verdicts to 76% compared to 47-56% for other conditions, representing a 20-29 percentage point inflation. This prejudicial effect was… [306] (2010)fMRI Lie Detection Fails a Legal Test
Science Judge Pham ruled fMRI lie detection inadmissible, finding no known error rates outside laboratory settings, no established standards for real-life application, and lack of general… [307] (2010)Neuroscience, lie-detection, and the law
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Schauer argues that although fMRI lie detection has significant scientific limitations, legal admissibility should depend on legal standards and comparative assessment against existing methods (like… [308] (2010)A Trial of Voluntary Polygraphy Testing in 10 English Probation Areas
Sexual Abuse Multi-site voluntary polygraph trial across 10 probation areas in England. Demonstrated that even voluntary polygraph testing significantly increased risk-relevant disclosures by sex offenders under community… [309] (2010)Emerging neurotechnologies for lie-detection: Where are we now?
American Journal of Bioethics Despite advances in laboratory fMRI and EEG-based deception detection, the authors found that critical gaps in measurement validity, standardization, countermeasure vulnerability, and predictive power in… [310] (2010)Commercialisation of an artificially intelligent deception detection system in the current security climate
International Conference on Fuzzy Systems The paper discusses commercialization pathways for AI-based deception detection in security contexts, highlighting that while the Silent Talker system achieved above-chance detection of deception versus… [311] (2010)Dangerous decisions: The impact of first impressions of trustworthiness on the evaluation of legal evidence and defendant culpability
Psychology, Crime & Law Untrustworthy-looking defendants were convicted of serious crimes based on less evidence and with greater confidence than comparably trustworthy-looking defendants facing identical scenarios, with the effect… [312] (2010)Police-induced confessions: Risk factors and recommendations
Law and Human Behavior False confessions result from interactions between situational pressures (excessive interrogation time, false evidence, minimization tactics) and individual vulnerabilities (juveniles, intellectual disability, mental illness), with 35%… [313] (2010)In defence of gullibility: the epistemology of testimony and the psychology of deception detection
Synthese Meta-analytic data show human deception detection achieves only 54% accuracy, with real-world lie detection relying primarily on contextual evidence rather than behavioral cues, placing monitoring… [314] (2010)Reading about deception
The Psychiatrist A clinically helpful distinction emerges between truth (accuracy) and truthfulness (sincerity). Meta-analyses reveal human deception detection accuracy of only 54%—barely above chance—with professionals performing no… [315] (2010)Polygraph countermeasures cannot be detected from respiratory signatures: Government policy puts the innocent at risk
Polygraph examiners could not reliably detect countermeasures from respiratory patterns, contradicting policy assumptions and creating significant false positive risks for innocent examinees showing normal stress-related… [316] (2009)Polygraph Testing Internet Offenders
The Use of the Polygraph in Assessing, Treating and Supervising Sex Offenders Among 38 Dutch child pornography offenders who denied contact offending in self-reports, 21 (55%) disclosed contact sexual offenses including penetration, masturbation, and fondling during polygraph… [317] (2009)Influence of case facts on blind scorers of polygraph tests
European Polygraph The study assessed whether contextual information, particularly incriminating evidence like fingerprint matches, biases blind scoring of polygraph quality control reviews. [318] (2009)The Problems of Truth Perception during Psychophysiological Examination
European Polygraph Specific findings unavailable due to inaccessibility of full text. [319] (2009)Why Modern Evidence Law Lacks Credibility
SSRN Electronic Journal Evidence law remains overly fixated on detecting perjury rather than honest mistakes, lacks any systematic approach to credibility determination, and treats scientific or psychological evidence… [320] (2009)Sex offender polygraph testing in the United States: Trends and controversies
In Wilcox D.T. (Ed.), The use of the polygraph in assessing, treating, and supervising sex offenders: A practitioner's guide. NY: Wiley By 2009, approximately 80% of adult sex offender treatment programs in the United States employed polygraph testing despite persistent scientific, ethical, and legal controversies. Polygraph… [321] (2009)Law & Psychiatry: Deception, Coercion, and the Limits of Interrogation
Psychiatric Services Courts hold that deception per se is not sufficiently egregious to invalidate confessions or exclude evidence. Only confessions procured by coercive official tactics are excluded… [322] (2009)The Clinical Use of the Polygraph with Sex Offenders: Caveats and Considerations
The Use of the Polygraph in Assessing, Treating and Supervising Sex Offenders The chapter emphasizes that post-conviction polygraph testing should be viewed as a treatment and supervision tool focused on disclosure facilitation rather than a standalone deception… [323] (2009)Dangerous decisions: A theoretical framework for understanding how judges assess credibility in the courtroom
Legal and Criminological Psychology DDT posits that instantaneous facial trustworthiness judgments are enduring and powerfully bias evidence interpretation in court; even experienced trial judges hold false stereotypes about deception… [324] (2009)False Confessions: Causes, Consequences, and Implications
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Three sequential errors—misclassification of innocence, guilt-presumptive accusatory interrogation with deception and coercion, and contamination through postadmission narrative shaping—systematically produce false confessions. Confession evidence is uniquely… [325] (2009)3. Thoughts, Feelings, and Deception
Deception Frank identifies 44 facial movements linked to deception-related emotions and demonstrates that microexpressions result from conflicts between voluntary and involuntary facial muscle control systems. The… [326] (2009)Lies, True Lies, and Conscious Deception
Police Quarterly Police deception exists on a continuum from necessary investigative lies to career-ending misconduct. Repetitive use of deception creates cognitive scripts linking deception with success, causing… [327] (2009)Model policy for post-conviction sex offender testing
Polygraph The policy establishes that PCSOT examiners must complete specialized 40-hour training, maintain 30 hours of continuing education every two years, work collaboratively within multidisciplinary teams,… [328] (2009)Lie Catching and Microexpressions
The Philosophy of Deception Most people perform at chance levels in lie detection (approximately 50% accuracy). Microexpressions are rare and training produces only modest improvements (30% to 40% accuracy).… [329] (2009)A Study on the Verification in Bribery Case and the Credibility of the Briber's Testimony
Korean Lawyers Association Journal The author concludes that Supreme Court credibility standards are generally appropriate but some factors are unsuitable as determinative, and that legally securing credible briber statements… [330] (2009)Deception: Truth Serum
Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science No scientifically validated truth serum exists. Barbiturates and other sedatives produce unreliable output contaminated by deception, fantasy, and confabulation. Both normal individuals and psychopaths can… [331] (2009)The moral, epistemic, and mindreading components of children’s vigilance towards deception
Cognition Children as young as 3 prefer testimony from benevolent communicators, but understanding that lies are false emerges only at age 4, with a dramatic shift… [332] (2008)Is the Lie Detector an American Obsession?
European Polygraph The work addresses American exceptionalism in lie detection technology and provides counterpoints to Alder's historical interpretations of polygraph development and adoption in the United States. [333] (2008)The utility of the polygraph with sex offenders in England
Conférence Permanente Européenne de la Probation Professionals with direct polygraph experience showed 92% opposition to withdrawal of voluntary polygraph use and 58% support for mandatory application, whereas inexperienced professionals expressed significantly… [334] (2008)Public Opinion About the Polygraph
Encyclopedia of Psychology and Law Mock juror studies consistently found that laypeople do not uncritically accept polygraph evidence; participants showed similar guilt judgments regardless of whether defendants passed or failed… [335] (2008)Flickering Admissibility: Neuroimaging Evidence in the US Courts
Behavioral Sciences & the Law U.S. courts routinely admit structural neuroimaging (CT, MRI) but apply significantly greater skepticism to functional technologies such as PET, SPECT, and fMRI; neither fMRI lie… [336] (2008)A Review of: “To Tell the Truth”
International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence Chapman's review engages with Sullivan's argument that polygraph use is 'an art as much as a science' and evaluates the memoir's coverage of controversial cases… [337] (2008)Cultural Differences in Credibility Assessment
Paper to Digital Cross-cultural deception detection accuracy deteriorates significantly, with eight specific cultural norms identified that create systematic biases including gaze aversion patterns, storytelling styles, and linguistic cue… [338] (2008)Effective Policing
Criminal Justice and Behavior The CQT cannot be considered scientifically valid due to weak theoretical foundations, bias against the innocent, and countermeasure vulnerability. Only 30-36% of surveyed scientists consider… [339] (2008)Lies, damn lies, and lie detectors
Harvard Business Review No existing lie detection technology—polygraph or neuroimaging-based—has demonstrated sufficient scientific reliability for high-stakes organizational use; Wolpe argues the inferential chain from physiological arousal to deception… [340] (2008)Detecting Deception in Police Investigations: Implications for False Confessions
Psychiatry, Psychology and Law Most people, including trained police officers, cannot detect deception at rates significantly better than chance (approximately 54% accuracy), and officer overconfidence in their deception detection… [341] (2008)The Effects of Warnings, Computer-Based Media, and Probing Activity on Successful Lie Detection
IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication Interviewers who received warnings about possible deception detected lies better than those without warnings. Interactive media prompted more probing questions, and probing behavior mediated the… [342] (2008)The Quadri-Track Zone Comparison Technique: it's just not science. A critique to Mangan, Armitage, and Adams (2008)
Physiology & Behavior The critique identified fundamental methodological flaws including confession-based ground truth creating sampling bias, untested theoretical foundations (psychological set), bias against innocent examinees in scoring rules,… [343] (2008)Does the polygraph lead to better risk prediction for sexual offenders?
Aggression and Violent Behavior The review concluded there is reasonable evidence for polygraph use in some risk assessment areas, particularly for eliciting disclosures of historical and acute-dynamic risk factors,… [344] (2008)T06-P-01 A novel lie detection technique in the assessment of testimony of sexual assault
Sexologies The authors proposed a forensic assessment protocol combining credibility evaluation with implicit memory testing using the aIAT for child sexual assault cases, building on laboratory… [345] (2008)Looking for truth and finding lies: The prospects for a nascent neuroimaging of deception
Neurocase Deception consistently activates prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, while truthfulness appears to represent a cognitive baseline. However, significant variability across studies and ethical concerns limit… [346] (2008)Detecting concealed information using brain-imaging technology
Neurocase Neuroimaging-based deception detection faces substantial challenges including vulnerability to countermeasures, limited ecological validity of laboratory paradigms, and the fundamental limitation that decoding performs pattern recognition… [347] (2008)Polygraph and Polygraph Techniques
Encyclopedia of Psychology and Law No specific physiological response uniquely identifies deception; all polygraph methods rely on stimulus control and inference. Two major families of techniques exist—knowledge approaches and deception… [348] (2008 • NEUROSCIENCE & LAW)Emerging Neurotechnologies for Lie Detection: Promises and Perils
American Journal of Bioethics, 5(2), 39–49 Examined ethical and legal implications of fMRI and other neuroscience-based lie detection. Discussed privacy rights, cognitive liberty, and potential for misuse in legal proceedings. [349] (2008)Accuracy of polygraph techniques: Problems using confessions to determine ground truth
Physiology & Behavior Confession-based field studies produce invalid accuracy estimates because the criterion (confession) and test outcome are not independent, with the method virtually guaranteeing matching results and… [350] (2007)K Criminal-Forensic Deception Analysis from Chapter 9 (Hall, Poirier, and Thompson)
Forensic Psychology and Neuropsychology for Criminal and Civil Cases The FDA model provides a systematic three-component framework covering five symptom domains (behavioral, affective, cognitive, psychophysiological, somatic), multiple response styles, and multi-method detection strategies designed… [351] (2007)Neuroscience-Based Lie Detection: The Urgent Need for Regulation
American Journal of Law & Medicine fMRI-based lie detection exhibits significant scientific limitations including inadequate accuracy rates for field use, inability to distinguish between imagined and genuine memories, and lack of… [352] (2007)Polygraph Testing
Beyond Common Sense Field research shows the CQT correctly identifies only 55-57% of innocent suspects, meaning 43-45% are falsely classified as deceptive. Scientific surveys reveal that fewer than… [353] (2007)Law & Psychiatry: The New Lie Detectors: Neuroscience, Deception, and the Courts
Psychiatric Services Neither fMRI nor brain-wave analysis met evidentiary standards for court use in 2007 due to insufficient validation data, with the author recommending judicial caution and… [354] (2007)Audit Inquiries and Deception Detection: Standards, Research, and Guidance
SSRN Electronic Journal People detect deception at only 54-57% accuracy (4% better than chance), auditors demonstrate a strong truth bias believing interviewees 70% of the time regardless of… [355] (2007)The Lie Detectors: The History of An American Obsession
Free Press (Book) The polygraph's success stemmed from cultural psychology rather than scientific validity, with field accuracy for innocent subjects at only 53% (hardly better than chance). The… [356] (2007)Medical Devices New Frontier in Lie Detection
Biomedical Safety & Standards The analysis identified a regulatory vacuum for neuroscience-based lie detection and recommended prohibiting non-research use until technologies meet medical device standards for safety, effectiveness, and… [357] (2007 • EMPLOYEE PROTECTION)Employee Polygraph Protection Act: 20 Years Later
Law Review Articles (Various) Analyses of the 1988 EPPA’s impact after two decades. Banned most private employer polygraph use while maintaining exceptions for government, security, and pharmaceutical industries. [358] (2007)The actual use of investigative physiopsychological examinations in Germany
European Polygraph The study revealed how polygraph examinations were actually being employed in German investigative contexts outside of courtroom settings, despite the judiciary's position that polygraph lacks… [359] (2007)Legal and practical aspects of using the polygraph in the Republic of Lithuania
European Polygraph Lithuania developed comprehensive legal regulations governing polygraph use, primarily utilizing the Event Knowledge Test (a modification of the Concealed Information Test) in law enforcement and… [360] (2006)Lure of lie detectors spooks ethicists
Nature Multiple experts expressed significant concern that companies were rushing to commercialize fMRI lie detection technology despite insufficient scientific validation for real-world forensic applications, raising both… [361] (2006)True Lies: Delusions and Lie-Detection Technology
The Journal of Psychiatry & Law The authors propose that delusions could lead to objectively false statements that are nevertheless subjectively true and indistinguishable from truth by traditional polygraph measures, but… [362] (2006)Use of Polygraph Examinations in the Department of Justice
Government & Policy Documents The report provided critical oversight data on how premier federal law enforcement agencies implemented polygraph technology in high-stakes contexts, identifying both operational practices and compliance… [363] (2006)Lie Detection Assessments as Evidence in Criminal Courts
Law and PsychologyCurrent Legal Issues Volume 9 The chapter concludes that neither the Control Question Test nor Statement Validity Analysis fully satisfy Daubert criteria for routine courtroom admissibility. While both detect deception… [364] (2005)Polygraph Testing: A Utilitarian Tool
PsycEXTRA Dataset Of 2,641 FBI polygraph examinations analyzed, 50% of examinees who showed deceptive results subsequently provided confessions, admissions, or information of investigative value, confirming that examinees'… [365] (2005)'I'd know a false confession if I saw one': A comparative study of college students and police investigators
Law and Human Behavior Neither students nor police could reliably detect false confessions, achieving only 54% accuracy (chance level). Police were more confident but also more biased toward presuming… [366] (2005)On the psychology of confessions: Does innocence put innocents at risk?
American Psychologist Innocent suspects waive Miranda rights at 81% compared to 36% for guilty suspects, and interrogators exert significantly more pressure on innocent suspects due to confirmation… [367] (2005)Uwagi o rozwiązaniach dotyczących stosowania poligrafu w kodeksie postępowania karnego z 1997 r. (po nowelizacji z 2003 r.)
Przegląd Sądowy The 2003 amendments resolved fundamental legal uncertainties about polygraph admissibility in Polish criminal proceedings. Polygraph examinations function primarily as exculpatory evidence, with expert estimates suggesting… [368] (2005)Use of Polygraph in Law Enforcement Internal Affairs Investigations
Polygraph Judicial precedent permits law enforcement agencies to require employees to submit to polygraph examinations during bona fide internal investigations, but strict procedural safeguards must be… [369] (2005)Emerging neurotechnologies for lie-detection: promises and perils
American Journal of Bioethics The paper identified that measurement validity of neurotechnologies for lie detection remained largely unknown, laboratory paradigms failed to replicate real-world deception contexts, and the field… [370] (2004)A Review of the Current Scientific Status and Fields of Application of Polygraphic Deception Detection
BPS Report (26/05/04) Official UK scientific assessment by the British Psychological Society. Reviewed the evidence base across multiple polygraph applications and provided recommendations for potential UK adoption, laying… [371] (2004)The Problem of False Confessions in the Post-DNA World
North Carolina Law Review More than 80% of false confessions occurred in homicide cases, and 81% of proven false confessors who proceeded to trial were convicted by juries despite… [372] (2004)The gap between training and research in the detection of deception
International Journal of Police Science and Management The paper concluded that research provides only limited support for the Reid Technique's nonverbal behavior model, with many purported deception cues showing weak or no… [373] (2004)Children report suggested events even when interviewed in a non‐suggestive manner: what are its implications for credibility assessment?
Applied Cognitive Psychology CBCA criteria showed few significant differences between true and fictitious statements after repeated suggestive interviews, with experts unable to reliably discriminate between genuine and suggested… [374] (2004)Guidelines to catch a liar
The Detection of Deception in Forensic Contexts Professional lie-catchers achieve only 56.6% accuracy in deception detection (barely above chance). The chapter provides fifteen evidence-based guidelines emphasizing systematic examination of combined behavioral, auditory,… [375] (2004)The Closing of the Coffin on Forensic Polygraph Evidence for Australia: Mallard v The Queen [2003] WASCA 296
Psychiatry, Psychology and Law The court concluded that polygraph technique has not been shown to be a reliable method for determining truth or untruth, lacks adequate acceptance within the… [376] (2004)Deception 101 - Primer on Deception
The work establishes fundamental distinctions between passive deception (concealing real capabilities) and active deception (creating false impressions), between fabrication and manipulation, and between ambiguity-increasing and… [377] (2003)How to Detect Deception? Arresting the Beliefs of Police Officers, Prosecutors and Judges
Psychology, Crime & Law All three professional groups held beliefs about deception detection that contradicted scientific research, with most relying on nonverbal cues like gaze aversion and body movements… [378] (2003)The contemporary cultural context for deception and malingering in Britain
Malingering and illness deception Robinson found that 70% of Britons morally condemned VAT evasion yet 71% were willing to engage in it themselves, while 30% admitted lying on job… [379] (2003)Применение полиграфа – этический аспект
Мир закона The paper concludes that ethical polygraph practice requires genuine scientific validity and that characterizations of polygraph as pseudoscience reflect bias rather than technical analysis. Proper… [380] (2003)Book Section: Essay and Review: The Polygraph and Lie Detection
The Journal of Psychiatry & Law The NRC concluded that specific-incident polygraph tests perform above chance but well below perfection, with accuracy for security screening insufficient to justify reliance in federal… [381] (2003)The current role of post-conviction sex offender polygraph testing in sex offender treatment
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse PCSOT significantly enhances the ability of treatment teams to promote patient honesty, treatment compliance, and supervision compliance, and the review provides 10 ethical recommendations for… [382] (2003)Behavioral confirmation in the interrogation room: On the dangers of presuming guilt
Law & Human Behavior Interrogators with guilty expectations selected more guilt-presumptive questions, used more coercive techniques, and judged suspects as guilty—especially when paired with innocent suspects. Neutral observers perceived… [383] (2003)How to assess credibility when conducting workplace investigations
Management Research News The paper identifies key credibility assessment factors including information integrity, consistency and specificity of accounts, plausibility within context, and direct knowledge of the incident, while… [384] (2003)The use of law enforcement polygraph tests with juveniles
Journal of Credibility Assessment and Witness Psychology 74.3% of surveyed law enforcement examiners had polygraphed at least one juvenile, with some testing children as young as 7 years old; however, over half… [385] (2003)Teaching Students about Classic Findings on the Detection of Deception
Teaching of Psychology The exercise successfully demonstrates that students' lie detection accuracy approximates chance levels, replicating classic research findings in an accessible educational format that challenges common misconceptions… [386] (2003)An UWB Radar Based Stealthy ‘Lie Detector’
Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 6 The research demonstrated technical feasibility of remotely detecting cardiac and respiratory activity using UWB radar at close range (2 inches), with signals comparable to traditional… [387] (2002)Polygraph Fails Scientific Review in the USA
The Lancet The NRC report concluded that polygraph screening equates to voodooism, is scientifically weak, easily defeated by countermeasures, and may undermine security through false confidence, though… [388] (2002)Detecting evidence of self-deception: Defensive verbal behavior assessment
Journal of Research in Personality High self-deceptive individuals displayed significantly more defensive verbal behavior (M=.89) than low self-deceptive individuals (M=.63), F(1,61)=12.83, p<.001. Reflective interview conditions increased defensive responding compared to… [389] (2002)Polygraph Testing Too Flawed for Security Screening
PsycEXTRA Dataset The report concluded that while specific-incident polygraph tests perform above chance, polygraph accuracy for screening is insufficient to justify reliance on it in federal security… [390] (2002)Erratum: Seeing through the face of deception
Nature The erratum clarified that the false-positive rate in the small thermal imaging study might preclude large-scale security screening applications, tempering the original study's optimistic claims… [391] (2002)Collaboration Among Sex Offender Treatment Providers and Probation and Parole Officers: The Beliefs and Behaviors of Treatment Providers
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment Ninety percent of treatment providers reported excellent or good rapport with probation officers, 87.4% considered communication with probation officers essential, and 24.2% reported that probation… [392] (2002)The potential use of polygraphy in forensic psychiatry
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health The polygraph functioned most effectively as a 'truth facilitator' rather than a lie detector, bringing problematic behaviors to supervisors' attention and enabling timely intervention before… [393] (2002)Voice Stress Devices and the Detection of Lies
Policy Review (IACP National Law Enforcement Policy Center) Independent scientific research consistently found voice stress devices to be unreliable for deception detection, with the CVSA achieving only 38.7% accuracy compared to 62.5% for… [394] (2002)The polygraph in personnel screening
Handbook of Polygraph Testing Personnel screening polygraph demonstrated lower accuracy than specific-incident testing, with innocent examinee identification rates ranging from 88.9% to 98.3% across different formats, indicating false accusation… [395] (2002)washington Polygraph fails scientific review in the USA
The Lancet The NAS report equated polygraph screening with voodooism, finding it worthless for security screening and easily defeated by countermeasures, while acknowledging above-chance accuracy only for… [396] (2001)Statistics and Other Lies
Polygraph Unable to determine without access to full text. [397] (2001)Self-deception and other-deception among admissions to a maximum security hospital and a medium secure unit
Psychology, Crime & Law Maximum-security patients demonstrated significantly lower other-deception than medium-secure patients after controlling for ethnicity and diagnosis, while self-deception remained stable across settings. Mentally ill patients scored… [398] (2001)Psycho-legal scholars report positive attitudes towards polygraph validity
Paper presented at the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association, Reno, NV Psycho-legal scholars reported positive attitudes toward polygraph validity, providing evidence that the most legally relevant scientific community — those working at the intersection of psychology… [399] (2001 • BOGUS PIPELINE)Polygraph Testing and Sexual Abuse: The Lure of the Magic Lasso
Child Maltreatment, 6, 195–206 Critical examination of the “bogus pipeline” effect in PCSOT — that the belief in being monitored by polygraph drives increased disclosure regardless of the test’s… [400] (2001)Who's Telling Lies: Detecting Deception in Interview Situations
Security Journal Experienced professionals detect deception at rates barely above chance (approximately 54-56% accuracy), show no improvement with experience, and display unwarranted confidence in their judgments despite… [401] (2001)Truthfulness, Deception and Self-Deception in Recovering True and False Memories of Child Sexual Abuse
International Review of Victimology Self-deception detection presents unique challenges beyond traditional deception detection because it involves implicit processes where individuals simultaneously appear to know and not know information. Detection… [402] (2001)Forensic 'Lie Detection': Procedures Without Scientific Basis
Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice Studies published in top scientific journals indicated that approximately 43% of innocent subjects fail the CQT polygraph test. Surveys of relevant scientific experts found that… [403] (2001)Expanding Federal Polygraph Programs
Government & Policy Documents The federal polygraph system could add only 33 net new examiners per year under existing constraints, with 75 of DoDPI's 108 annual training slots required… [404] (2000)Polygraph testing and the DOE national laboratories
Science The Wen Ho Lee case demonstrated that identical polygraph data could be interpreted as both passing and failing by different examiners. Despite ubiquitous polygraph use… [405] (2000)E 2065-00: Standard Guide for PDD Examinations
Annual Book of ASTM Standards The standard established comprehensive ethical requirements for all individuals engaged in forensic psychophysiological detection of deception, creating a foundational framework that became widely cited by… [406] (2000)Psychophysiologische Täterschaftsbeurteilung als Entlastungsmöglichkeit bei Verdacht auf sexuellen Mißbrauch?
Steller concluded that polygraph examinations lack sufficient scientific validity for use in sexual abuse cases, citing the absence of specific physiological lie responses, inadequate construct… [407] (2000)Improving the Effectiveness of Sexual Offender Treatment
Polygraph-assisted containment substantially increased offender disclosures of previously unreported victims and offenses, and the examination was found to support rather than undermine therapeutic alliance when… [408] (2000)How People Deceive
The Language of Deception: A Discourse Analytical Study The typology identifies three main categories of linguistic deception: falsifications and distortions related to propositional content, taking words out of context related to utterance function,… [409] (1999)The Effects of Victim Impact Evidence on the Verdicts and Sentencing Judgments of Mock Jurors
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation At the individual juror level, exposure to victim impact evidence significantly increased sentence severity and death penalty recommendations among those who convicted, despite no statistically… [410] (1999)Problems with the Polygraph
Science This is a letter to the editor, not an empirical research study, and therefore does not contain experimental findings or statistical results. It represents scientific… [411] (1999)DOE Polygraph Plan Draws Fire
Science DOE significantly reduced the scope of its polygraph screening program from 20,000 to 4,600 employees after facing criticism about the scientific validity of polygraph testing,… [412] (1999)Opinia z ekspertyzy poligraficznej jako dowód odciążający
The work found that in the overwhelming majority of cases, polygraph tests produced exculpatory evidence for examined persons and could effectively eliminate innocent suspects even… [413] (1999)Polygraph evidence in federal courts: Should it be admissible?
American Criminal Law Review The article concludes that polygraph evidence fails to meet Daubert reliability standards and creates substantial prejudicial effects that outweigh probative value under Rule 403, arguing… [414] (1999)DOE backs down on widespread polygraph testing
Chemical & Engineering News Archive DOE reduced its polygraph testing program from over 13,000 mandated positions to approximately 800 targeted positions in response to scientific criticism and National Academy recommendations. [415] (1998)An Effective Interrogation and a Valid Confession
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception The Gardner case established five core principles for valid interrogations: maintain conversational dialogue, ask explicit questions, avoid mixing interview types, prioritize inconsistency analysis over deception… [416] (1998)Language of the Interrogator as Therapist
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception The analysis revealed that therapeutic language patterns in interrogation—including memory recovery framing and empathetic alliance-building—can be as coercive as overtly confrontational tactics, with a federal… [417] (1998)Language and Constitutional Rights
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception Shuy's forensic analysis revealed that constitutional rights were not effectively protected in practice despite formal Miranda compliance, with linguistic complexity, ambiguous rights invocations, and failure… [418] (1998)Some Basic Principles of Interrogation, Confession, and Deceptive Language
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception The chapter establishes five core principles for reliable interrogation practice and demonstrates how linguistic analysis reveals coercive elements in seemingly voluntary confessions, with particular emphasis… [419] (1998)Language of Truthfulness and Deception
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception Deceptive statements showed systematic linguistic patterns including pronoun distancing (saying 'no one gave it' instead of 'I didn't give it'), unexplained time lapses, verb tense… [420] (1998)Can criteria-based content analysis distinguish between true and false statements of African-American speakers?
Law and Human Behavior CBCA achieved 69% accuracy for White speakers and 67% for African-American speakers, with specific criteria showing differential validity across ethnic groups. Total CBCA criteria counts… [421] (1998)Unvalidated Confession
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception The case revealed that unvalidated confessions create irresolvable credibility contests, as human memory proves unreliable for verbatim recall and witnesses may unconsciously reconstruct statements to… [422] (1998)Language of the Implicational Confession
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception The chapter demonstrates that implicational confessions occur when suspects appear to admit guilt through pragmatically implied rather than explicitly stated language, creating legal challenges in… [423] (1998)Language of Written Confessions
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception Linguistic analysis revealed that Michael Carter's written confession matched the detective's sentence structure rather than Carter's own documented speech patterns, leading to dismissal of all… [424] (1998)Inferred Confession
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception The case demonstrated that without documentation, confessions become interpretations filtered through officer memory and expectations rather than objective evidence. The analysis revealed how easily statements… [425] (1998)Language of the Police Interrogation
The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception Interrogators made ample use of power through linguistic choices—challenging, warning, accusing, and dominating—with minimal open-ended questions. Deception indicators included short answers, pronoun changes, repetition, and… [426] (1998 • SUPREME COURT)United States v. Scheffer, 523 U.S. 303
Legal Rulings Upheld military ban on polygraph evidence under Military Rule 707 but did not create a blanket constitutional prohibition. Dissent by Justice Stevens noted polygraph may… [427] (1998)Suggested Clinical Uses of Polygraphy in Community-Based Sexual Offender Treatment Programs
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment Although empirical evidence on polygraph validity and reliability was inconsistent, pre-test disclosures and treatment program utility were documented as meaningful clinical benefits; the paper proposed… [428] (1997)The Influence of Positive and Negative Victim Credibility on the Assessment of Rape Victims; An Experimental Study of Expectancy—Confirmation Bias
International Review of Victimology Prior victim credibility information significantly influenced interview questioning patterns, confirming expectancy-confirmation bias, though effects on final evaluations were only partially confirmed. [429] (1997)Using the polygraph
Managing adult sex offenders in the community: A containment approach Polygraph testing functions most effectively within a collaborative containment framework involving polygraph examiners, treatment providers, and supervision officers working as an interdependent team, with results… [430] (1997)The psychology of confession evidence
American Psychologist The paper identified three specific problems: police routinely use deception and psychological coercion during interrogation; these methods can cause innocent people to falsely confess; and… [431] (1997)Survey of Scientists on CIT/GKT Validity
Various Publications Polled 363 scientists from the American Psychological Association and the Society for Psychophysiological Research. Found that the scientific community was more supportive of CIT than… [432] (1997 • 9TH CIRCUIT)United States v. Cordoba, 104 F.3d 225 (9th Cir.)
Legal Rulings Abandoned the per se rule excluding polygraph, leaving admissibility to district court discretion under Daubert analysis. Contributed to circuit split on polygraph evidence. [433] (1996)Lie experts' beliefs about nonverbal indicators of deception
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior Prisoners held more accurate beliefs about deception cues than professionals or students. 75% of professional lie detectors incorrectly believed gaze aversion indicates deception, and professionals… [434] (1996)Some elementary distinctions among, and comments concerning, the ‘control’ question ‘test’ (CQT) polygrapher's many problems: A reply to Honts, Kircher and Raskin
International Journal of Psychophysiology Furedy maintained that the CQT should be abandoned on logico-ethical, ethical, methodological, and evidential grounds, arguing that the technique's fundamental problems are obscured by misleading… [435] (1996)Die Untersuchung mit dem Polygraphen (Lügendetektor) – eine wissenschaftliche Methode zum Nachweis der Unschuld
Zeitschrift für das gesamte Familienrecht Undeutsch argued polygraph examinations showing innocence provide very high probability evidence, while deceptive results offer only probability of guilt. He positioned polygraph testing as particularly… [436] (1996)Lay persons' and police officers' beliefs regarding deceptive behaviour
Applied Cognitive Psychology Police officers and lay people held equally inaccurate beliefs about deceptive behavior, with both groups overestimating the reliability of eye contact aversion, hand/arm gestures, and… [437] (1996)The North American polygraph and psychophysiology: disinterested, uninterested, and interested perspectives
International Journal of Psychophysiology The North American research psychophysiological community has largely failed to meet standards of disinterestedness regarding psychophysiological detection of deception, representing a departure from rigorous scientific… [438] (1995)Demeanor and credibility
Semiotica The paper concluded that common beliefs about behavioral indicators of deception lack empirical support, and that observers perform little better than chance at detecting lies… [439] (1995)A national survey of practices, policies and evaluative comments on the use of pre-employment polygraph screening in police agencies in the United States
Among large U.S. police agencies, 62% utilized pre-employment polygraph screening, rejecting approximately 25% of applicants based on information not uncovered through other screening methods. Agencies… [440] (1995)Factors Affecting Credibility in a Simulated Sexual Harassment Hearing
Violence Against Women Aggressive cross-examination significantly reduced the perceived credibility of sexual harassment complainants, and simple denial by the accused was an effective defense strategy, demonstrating that procedural… [441] (1995)Polygrapher's dilemma or psychologist's chimaera: a reply to Furedy's logico-ethical considerations for psychophysiological practitioners and researchers
International Journal of Psychophysiology The authors concluded that Furedy's concerns about the CQT were lacking on almost all counts and that his arguments were based on misrepresentations and logical… [442] (1995)The biology of deception: The evolution of cognitive coping as a denial-like process
Medical Hypotheses The paper theorizes that cognitive processes provided animals with stress coping strategies through denial-like mechanisms, that perceived rationality may itself be a deceptive behavioral response,… [443] (1994)Detection of Deception: Polygraph and Integrity Tests
Current Directions in Psychological Science Saxe concludes that polygraph tests do not assess deceptiveness but rather measure fear, with no way to determine the cause of anxiety, making validation impossible.… [444] (1993)Usage of polygraphic detection of deception test, in verifying complaints about violence; analysis, and policy recommendations
Unpublished manuscript - Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University Two fundamental CQT assumptions encounter difficulties when testing violence victims, increasing false positive error risk. The paper establishes that polygraphing authentic victims adds psychological suffering… [445] (1993 • LANDMARK RULING)Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579
Legal Rulings Landmark ruling replacing the Frye “general acceptance” standard with multi-factor reliability analysis for scientific evidence. Opened door for renewed polygraph admissibility challenges based on testability,… [446] (1992)Polygraph admissibility: Changes and challenges
Law and Human Behavior The authors found that while polygraph evidence might meet basic evidentiary requirements, serious challenges centered on poor training and lack of standardization in the profession,… [447] (1992)From coercion to deception: the changing nature of police interrogation in America
Crime, Law and Social Change Psychological deception has replaced physical coercion as the most salient feature of contemporary police interrogation. Modern interrogators openly condemn physical force and believe psychological tactics… [448] (1992)Perceived Credibility of the Communicator: Studies of Perceptual Bias in Police Officers Conducting Rape Interviews
Psychology and Law Police officers rated emotionally distressed rape victims as significantly more credible than controlled victims, and their judgments were influenced by both referral bias (prior information… [449] (1992)A Critique of the Validity of Polygraph Testing in Child Sexual Abuse Cases
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse Cross and Saxe conclude that there is insufficient scientific evidence to support polygraph testing in child sexual abuse cases, identifying offender perception and memory, emotional… [450] (1992)Comment on Application of Decision Science
Psychological Science Applying decision science principles — including Bayesian analysis and base rate reasoning — to polygraph testing reveals that even nominally accurate instruments can produce misleading… [451] (1991)Why (some) Americans believe in the lie detector while others believe in the guilty knowledge test
Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science Lykken argues that real-world CQT accuracy is barely above chance, sustained by confirmation bias and the exam's confession-eliciting function, while the GKT offers a theoretically… [452] (1991)Children as eyewitnesses memory, suggestibility, and credibility
Australian Psychologist Despite common apprehensions, children's abilities within the courtroom appear to be underestimated; when given adequate support, their often underutilized testimony may be effectively applied in… [453] (1991)Science, Lies, and Controversy: An Epitaph for the Lie Detector
American Psychological Association (Address) Polygraph accuracy in real-world applications is little better than chance, with at least half of truthful subjects erroneously classified as deceptive. The technique is biased… [454] (1991)The emperor's new clothes: Application of polygraph tests in the American workplace
Forensic Reports Analysis of DoD security screening polygraph data revealed CSP examinations correctly identified only 2% of guilty subjects, with sensitivity of 43.2% for programmed guilty examinees,… [455] (1991)Clinical judgment and decision-making in CQT-polygraphy: A comparison with other pseudoscientific applications in psychology
Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science The CQT decision process is vulnerable to confirmation bias because examiners start with preconceived hypotheses and the lack of well-defined quantification rules allows them to… [456] (1991)A confederate's Perspective on Deception
Ethics & Behavior Both research participants and confederates experienced significant discomfort and ethical concerns. Debriefing sometimes angered subjects rather than alleviating distress, and the success of deception inherently… [457] (1991)RECONSIDERING RESPONSE SETS, TEST-TAKING ATTITUDES, DISSIMULATION, SELF-DECEPTION, AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY
Psychological Reports The paper provides a conceptual synthesis reconsidering how response sets, empirical keying methods, and social desirability interact to affect the validity of personality assessments and… [458] (1990)Self-deception and other-deception in forensic assessment
Personality and Individual Differences Violent and sex offenders demonstrated significantly higher other-deception (impression management) scores than other offenders, but no group differences emerged for self-deception scores. Assessment setting (pre-trial… [459] (1990)Legal Issues concerning Polygraph Testing in the Public Sector
Public Personnel Management The article identified unique constitutional vulnerabilities in public sector polygraph programs, revealing a paradox where private employees enjoyed statutory protections that many public workers lacked… [460] (1990)The Polygraph and Psychiatrists
Journal of Forensic Sciences Interviews indicated that polygraph effectiveness may be primarily due to the suggestibility of examinees and the coercive mystique of the instrument rather than valid physiological… [461] (1990)Resurrecting polygraph validation of self‐reported crime data: A note on research method and ethics using the deer poacher∗
Deviant Behavior Strong support for learning theory in explaining poaching behavior, with nearly all subjects socialized at an early age by friends and family. All but two… [462] (1990)Right to Lie?
Scientific American This news commentary explored polygraph constitutional issues and policy implications following federal legislation that banned most private-sector polygraph use while exempting government employers. [463] (1990)DoDPI Racial Bias Study: Polygraph Results by Race
DoDPI Research Reports Innocent Black examinees had substantially lower pass rates (23.5%) compared to innocent white examinees (36.9%), indicating potential racial bias in polygraph testing outcomes. [464] (1990)Beyond Validity: Utility and Legal Considerations in the Application of Psychophysiological Detection
Theories and Applications in the Detection of Deception The authors demonstrated that validity alone is insufficient for evaluating polygraph applications—practical utility depends on base rates, differential consequences of errors, stakeholder perspectives, and legal… [465] (1990)DoDPI Racial Bias Study: Polygraph examination results by race
DoDPI Research Reports Truthful African American examinees had a 76.5% false positive rate compared to 63.1% for truthful Caucasian examinees—a statistically significant disparity indicating that innocent African Americans… [466] (1989)The New Federal Polygraph Law and Its Effect On Hospitality Operators
Hospitality Education and Research Journal EPPA eliminated 85% of polygraph testing nationwide and completely banned pre-employment screening in hospitality, forcing hotels and restaurants to develop alternative methods for addressing employee… [467] (1989)A Response to "New Polygraph Law: No Dangerous Weaponry Involved"
PsycEXTRA Dataset The full text was not accessible for analysis. The document represents commentary on EPPA implementation rather than empirical research. [468] (1989)The polygraph test: Lies, truth and science
Biological Psychology The CQT polygraph lacks construct validity, measuring fear of detection rather than deceptiveness itself; the technique fails to meet basic psychophysiological scientific standards including proper… [469] (1989 • 11TH CIRCUIT)United States v. Piccinonna, 885 F.2d 1529 (11th Cir.)
Legal Rulings Established that polygraph evidence could be admitted under certain conditions including stipulation by both parties. Created framework for conditional admissibility. [470] (1988)Assessing deception: Polygraph techniques
In R. Rogers (Ed.), Clinical assessment of malingering and deception The authors concluded that polygraph techniques, particularly the widely-used Control Question Test, lack sound theoretical foundations, are vulnerable to countermeasures, and cannot provide reliable error… [471] (1988)Deceptive behavior in social relationships: A consequence of violated expectations
Journal of Psychology Students used deception when their behavior violated perceived expectations of parents or employers. Guilt occurred only when violations aligned with both personal and role partner… [472] (1988)Testing: Pre-work polygraph ban signed by Reagan
PsycEXTRA Dataset The EPPA banned polygraph use by most private employers, established exemptions for government agencies and certain high-risk industries (security, pharmaceuticals), required strict procedural safeguards for… [473] (1988)Unmasking Thieves: From Polygraph to Paper
Journal of Managerial Psychology The paper found that polygraph results are not difficult to fake, highlighting significant validity and reliability concerns that contributed to the shift toward written integrity… [474] (1987)Detecting infrequent deception.
Journal of Applied Psychology When base rates are .10 or lower, false positive rates must be equally low regardless of decision threshold. Improving detection of true deception from .85… [475] (1987)The Predictive Power of the Polygraph: The Lies Lie Detectors Tell
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association The letter argued that in screening situations with low base rates of deception, most positive polygraph results would be false positives, meaning truthful persons would… [476] (1986)The ambivalent polygraph
International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence Full text unavailable; analysis cannot be completed without access to the original article. [477] (1986)PREDICTIVE POWER OF THE POLYGRAPH: CAN THE "LIE DETECTOR" REALLY DETECT LIARS?
The Lancet In many screening or investigative situations, the positive predictive value of the polygraph would be poor, with most positive results being false positives. Truthful persons… [478] (1986)The Psychological Principles of Criminal Interrogation
Criminal Interrogation and Confessions, 3rd edition Jayne's central finding is that the interrogator's goal can be operationalized as simultaneously reducing the perceived consequences of truthful disclosure while increasing the anxiety associated… [479] (1986)Polygraph Testing—A Comprehensive Literature Review of an Ethical Dilemma
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education The review found polygraph testing yielded approximately 11% false positive and 2% false negative results, with autonomic responses confounded by race, education, and multiple other… [480] (1986)Polygraph Surveillance of Probationers
Polygraph One of the earliest studies on using polygraph for monitoring probationers. Established the foundational evidence for polygraph as a supervision tool that would later evolve… [481] (1986)Council takes stand on AIDS, polygraph; creates science post
American Psychological Association Monitor The APA Council formally declared polygraph test reliability unsatisfactory and adopted resolutions addressing AIDS as a public health and civil liberties issue. [482] (1986)Lie detection as psychophysiological differentiation: Some fine lines
In M.G.H. Coles, E. Donchin, & S.W. Porges (Eds.), Psychophysiology of the cardiovascular system The CQT fails to meet psychophysiological differentiation standards because its control questions do not isolate the deception process and confound multiple psychological factors. Furedy argued… [483] (1986)Report of the working group on the use of the polygraph in criminal investigation and personnel screening
Bulletin of the British Psychological Society The working group concluded that polygraph techniques lacked sufficient scientific validity for use in British criminal investigation and employment screening, citing unstandardized procedures, inadequate accuracy,… [484] (1986)Policymakers' use of social science research: Technology assessment in the U.S. Congress
Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, and Utilization The article demonstrated that rigorous technology assessment could successfully influence policy even against powerful interests, as evidenced by the OTA polygraph report's role in leading… [485] (1986)Self-Deception and Impression Management in Test Responses
Personality Assessment via Questionnaires Factor analyses revealed two distinct dimensions of socially desirable responding—self-deception and impression management—with scales loading on impression management showing the greatest increases from anonymous to… [486] (1985)In my opinion ... Credulous vs. Critical Police Use of the Polygraph in Criminal lnvestigations
Canadian Journal of Criminology Furedy argued that police 'credulous' use of polygraphs—treating them as definitive lie detectors—contradicted scientific evidence showing CQT polygraphs lack construct validity and cannot distinguish deception… [487] (1985)Polygraph testing: Thoughts of a skeptical legislator
American Psychologist Brooks advocated for congressional restrictions on expanded federal polygraph screening, citing scientific validity concerns and civil liberties implications. His legislative efforts contributed to the rescission… [488] (1985)USE OF THE POLYGRAPH IN SCREENING JOB APPLICANTS
American Business Law Journal The article documented significant legal vulnerabilities in pre-employment polygraph practices, including privacy infringement concerns, state-level regulatory inconsistencies, discriminatory potential based on ethnicity and sex, and… [489] (1985)Testing the Polygraph
PsycEXTRA Dataset The review identified fundamental problems with polygraph validity, finding that while claimed to be highly accurate, the evidence was unclear particularly for screening applications. Control… [490] (1985)Significance of MMPI "Lie" Scale Elevations
PsycEXTRA Dataset All forensic patients meeting criteria of Lie scale > 6 with no clinical elevations showed psychotic disorders with prominent paranoid features, suggesting elevated L scales… [491] (1985)The Validity of Polygraph Testing: Scientific Analysis and Public Controversy
American Psychologist The review found serious problems with both the theoretical basis and evidentiary quality supporting polygraph validity, and concluded that reported high accuracy rates were not… [492] (1984)The social organization of lie-detector tests
Urban Life The study reveals that polygraph examinations function through structured social interactions involving power dynamics, role performance, and ritualized procedures that construct legitimacy and produce socially… [493] (1984)On the fallibility of lie detection
American Psychologist The paper concluded that lying does not produce a measurable physiological response, that empirical evidence showed high false positive rates (50% in laboratory studies), and… [494] (1984)Expert testimony on malingering: The admissibility of clinical procedures for the detection of deception
Behavioral Sciences & the Law The paper identified significant concerns about scientific reliability and constitutional implications of various clinical deception detection procedures, establishing a framework for evaluating admissibility standards that… [495] (1984)Detecting Deception in 1984
American Behavioral Scientist Lykken concluded that polygraph tests are wrong one-third of the time overall, biased against innocent and conscientious persons, can be beaten by sophisticated liars, and… [496] (1983)Lie detectors tell too many lies
Nature The editorial argued that federal government polygraph expansion set a dangerous precedent for other employers, appearing alongside the 1983 OTA report finding only limited scientific… [497] (1983)The scientific validity of polygraph testing
Office of Technology Assessment Report Field studies showed average guilty detection of 86.3% but innocent detection of only 76%, with false positive rates averaging 19.1%. No scientific validity was established… [498] (1983)The perspective of social psychology: Toward a viable model for application
Advances in applied social psychology The chapter established that applied psychological procedures must rest on sound theoretical foundations and construct validity, not merely pragmatic demonstrations of effectiveness—principles that would prove… [499] (1981)Cpi Variables in Relation to the Polygraph Performance of Police Officer Candidates
The Journal of Social Psychology Applicants who scored highest on the CPI impression management scale were most likely to pass polygraph screening tests, suggesting that social desirability and self-presentation skills… [500] (1981)Täterschaftsermittlung durch Polygraphie
Wegner contends that prohibiting voluntary polygraph testing initiated by defendants seeking exculpation constitutes unjustified paternalism, and argues that psychophysiological testing can be reconciled with constitutional… [501] (1981)The polygraph: a psychiatric resource
Polygraph Lynch argued that the polygraph serves dual functions in psychiatric settings — both as a psychophysiological assessment tool and as a facilitator of patient disclosure… [502] (1980)A polygraphy examination of a sexually molested child
Polygraph The case study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting a polygraph examination on a child sexual molestation victim and generating physiologically recordable data, contributing one of… [503] (1980)Credibility and incredibility: the psychiatric examination of the complaining witness
American Journal of Psychiatry Psychiatrists can identify mental conditions affecting testimony capacity but face significant ethical, legal, and professional limitations in making direct credibility determinations. Courts restrict psychiatric testimony… [504] (1980)The admissibility of polygraph evidence in court: Some empirical findings
Law and Human Behavior Neither experiment found evidence of 'blind' acceptance of polygraph evidence by mock jurors; while guilt ratings shifted significantly in the presence of exculpatory polygraph evidence,… [505] (1979)Regressive Hypnosis and the Polygraph: A Case Study
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis The case study demonstrated the simultaneous application of polygraph instrumentation and ideomotor response signaling during hypnotic age regression in a criminal investigation, though specific quantitative… [506] (1979)Accounts and Other Interpersonal Strategies in a Credibility Detracting Context
The Pacific Sociological Review The study identified that polygraph examinations create unique social dynamics where examinees actively employ accounts and interpersonal strategies to manage credibility, highlighting the examination as… [507] (1979 • JURY PERCEPTION)The Effect of Polygraph Evidence on Mock Jury Decision-Making
Journal of Police Science and Administration Found that polygraph evidence could be a crucial factor in jury decision-making. Raised concerns about potential for undue influence, contributing to judicial caution about admissibility. [508] (1977)The effect of lie detector evidence on jury deliberations: An empirical study
Journal of Police Science and Administration Polygraph evidence influenced mock juror deliberations but did not produce the uncritical acceptance or overwhelming prejudice predicted by courts as justification for exclusionary rules. [509] (1976)Deception and role playing: On telling the good guys from the bad guys.
American Psychologist Cooper argued that laboratory mock-crime studies lacked the realistic stakes and consequences of field polygraph examinations, leading to overestimates of accuracy. The paper highlighted fundamental… [510] (1975)Admissibility of polygraph evidence in 1975: An aid in determining credibility in a perjury-plagued system
Hastings Law Journal Tarlow identified a paradox in polygraph jurisprudence: courts admitted polygraph evidence upon stipulation even though stipulation does not enhance the inherent reliability of the technique,… [511] (1973)Survey of Attitudes on the Polygraph
Polygraph Polygraph examiners demonstrated markedly more positive attitudes toward test validity than external professionals, revealing a significant perception gap between practitioners and skeptical psychologists/attorneys. [512] (1971)The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude
Psychological Bulletin The bogus pipeline effectively reduced impression management across multiple experiments, with participants providing significantly different and more negative attitude reports when believing their responses could… [513] (1970)“Please Don't Talk to Anyone about This Experiment:” Disclosure of Deception by Debriefed Subjects
Psychological Reports Disclosure rates were alarmingly high: 16.7% of participants disclosed confidential information in immediate face-to-face interviews, while 78.9% disclosed when contacted by telephone several days later,… [514] (1965)Ethics and the Polygraph Examiner
The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science The paper established that polygraph examiners must maintain professional neutrality and have ethical obligations to both examinees and employing agencies, laying conceptual groundwork for the… [515] (1958)Statement of Principles regarding Polygraph ("Lie-Detector") Examinations
The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science This historical policy document established early guidelines for professional polygraph conduct, examiner qualifications, and ethical practice during a formative period when the field lacked formal… [516] (1954)An Academy of Polygraph ("Lie-Detector") Examiners
The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science The paper announced the establishment of a professional academy for polygraph examiners in 1954, one of several organizations that would later merge to form the… [517] (1954)Academy of Polygraph (Lie-Detector) Examiners, An
Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology Inbau identified the absence of standardized training and professional credentialing as the primary barrier to polygraph legitimacy, and proposed a formal academy model — a… [518] (1946)"Lie Detector" Doesn't
The Science News-Letter The article's title and content directly challenged the fundamental premise of polygraph testing, concluding that lie detectors do not actually detect lies—a finding that would… [519] (1945)Inbau, F. E. Lie detection and criminal interrogation. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1942. Pp. viii + 142. $3.00
Journal of Clinical Psychology The review documented Inbau's influential synthesis of polygraph science and interrogation practice, notably his articulation of the peak-of-tension test for guilty knowledge examinations, establishing foundations… [520] (1926)Pathological Lying, Accusation, and Swindling: A Study in Forensic Psychology
Among 1,000 juvenile offenders studied, 8-10 were genuine pathological liars showing excessive falsification disproportionate to any discernible goal. The study documented gender differences (26% of… [521] (0)Remote detection of deception using radar vital signs monitor technology
Proceedings IEEE 34th Annual 2000 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (Cat. No.00CH37083) The radar system successfully detected heartbeat at 10 meters and respiration at 20 meters in non-contact mode, establishing technical proof-of-concept for remote physiological monitoring in… [522] (0)Brain-Based Lie Detection and the Mereological Fallacy: Reasons for Optimism
Neurolaw and Responsibility for Action The mereological fallacy critique has less force when applied to P300-CIT because it primarily detects recognition rather than deception. Brain-based methods should be evaluated by… [523] (0)Polygraphs and 250 Wrongful Conviction Exonerations
Across 215 documented wrongful conviction exonerations, polygraph examinations correctly indicated exoneree innocence in approximately 80% of cases with clear results (a 4:1 ratio of passes… [524] (0)Practice for Quality Control of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (Polygraph) Examinations
The standard established that all polygraph examinations may be subjected to quality control review by experienced examiners, with reviews required to be independent and objective.… [525] (0)Practice for Calibration and Functionality Checks Used in Forensic Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (Polygraph) Examinations
The standard establishes that analog polygraphs may be calibrated by examiners, manufacturers, or authorized individuals, while computerized instrumentation must be calibrated by manufacturers or factory-authorized… [526] (0)Psychophysiology and the detection of deception: promises and perils
The Comparison Question Test was found to have weak scientific validity that cannot be remedied by neuroimaging. Question format rather than measurement technology was identified… [527] (0)Guide for Requirements for Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) Examiners
The standard established comprehensive ethical requirements covering professional competence, conflicts of interest, examinee rights, confidentiality, and reporting standards, representing a maturity marker for the polygraph…Related research topics
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