Training, Standards & Professional Practice
Research Landscape
All 80 Studies
Lay person’s and psychology officers’ beliefs about memory, investigative interviewing and deception detection: data from Malaysia
Kai Li Chung, Kok Wei… · Psychology, Crime & Law
Psychology officers and lay participants in Malaysia both demonstrated significant misconceptions about memory and deception detection, with beliefs about repressed…
On the issue of preparing for lie detection in the process of training psychologists
Elena Vladimirovna Zvonova, Miroslav Novitsevich… · The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences
Works of art can serve as preliminary training materials for psychology students learning about lie detection, but practical, observation-based training…
Влияние индивидуально-психологических особенностей обследуемых лиц на результаты, полученные в ходе тестирования с применением полиграфа
В.В. Никитин · Расследование преступлений: проблемы и пути их решения
Individual psychological characteristics significantly influenced polygraph test results in an examinee without mental pathology, suggesting that certain combinations of psychological…
A Handful of Remarks on the Terminology Reference for the Science of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception
Jan Stefan Widacki · European Polygraph
The polygraph field has struggled with inconsistent terminology since its inception, with devices operating under various names including 'cardio-pneumo psychogram,'…
A Letter to the Editor Regarding the APA's Terminology Reference for the Science of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception
James Allan Matte · European Polygraph
The letter presents specific critiques of terminology standards proposed by the APA for polygraph practice and research.
Behind the Scenes of a Protocoled Polygraph Test
Tuvya T. Amsel · European Polygraph
The paper identifies critical gaps in protocoled polygraph practice where rigid adherence to standardized procedures may compromise examination effectiveness and…
VALIDATING SPECIFICATION OF PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES USING THE POLYGRAPH
Vadym V. Barko · NAUKA I PRAVOOKHORONA
The study establishes validated specifications for psychodiagnostic techniques applied in polygraph examination contexts, contributing to standardization and professionalization of polygraph…
What Are We Teaching Future Australian Criminal Justice Practitioners About Lie Detection? A Review of Criminology Textbooks
Rebecca Wilcoxson, Emma L. Turley · Journal of Criminal Justice Education
Of 95 textbooks examined in Queensland criminal justice programs, only 7.4% discussed deception detection and only 4.2% addressed the scientific…
A model of training future polygraph examiners taking into account modern conditions of society development
Rustem Rafekovich Sadekov · Национальная безопасность / nota bene
The paper discusses the complex interdisciplinary knowledge required for polygraph examiners and proposes pedagogical technologies for effective training in modern…
A Summary of the American Polygraph Association’s 57 th Annual Seminar
Erika Thiel, Lisa Ribacoff · European Polygraph
The seminar drew over 850 participants from more than 30 countries and received overwhelmingly positive feedback for its diverse training…
Development of the Quality of Professional Training of Polygraph Examiners in the System of Departmental Education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Rustem Rafekovich Sadekov · Полицейская и следственная деятельность
The research identifies the need for permanent cooperation between MVD educational institutions, other law enforcement universities, and experienced field practitioners…
Strategy of Special Professional Training of Polygraph Examiners in the System of Departmental Education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Rustem Rafekovich Sadekov · Полицейская деятельность
The study proposes that effective polygraph examiner training must integrate in-depth technical and tactical knowledge, psychophysiological understanding, practical experience, collaboration…
МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ, ОСУЩЕСТВЛЯЕМОГО С ПОМОЩЬЮ ПОЛИГРАФА
Л.О. Баймолдина · BULLETIN Series Psychology
The research presents a comprehensive methodology utilizing multi-channel physiological monitoring (electrodermal, respiratory, cardiovascular, and tremor responses) combined with three testing…
The Effect of Training on the Effectiveness of Deception Detection
Jagoda Dzida · European Polygraph
The study examined whether training improves deception detection effectiveness beyond the typical 10% improvement found in previous research, focusing specifically…
What Do Polygraphers–Practitioners Expect from Science?
Jan Stefan Widacki · European Polygraph
Polygraph practitioners demonstrated a strong preference for familiar techniques over scientific innovations, with minimal interest expressed in neurophysiological detection methods…
Differences in Psycho-physiological Responses Depending on Rapport-building During Polygraph Test
Hyeonji Kim, Eunkyung Jo · THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY
Rapport-building during the pre-test interview phase significantly affected psychophysiological response patterns measured by ESS total scores, with interactions between veracity…
Evidence Based Practice Integration into Polygraph Practice: A Suggested Paradigm
Tuvya T. Amsel; Avital Ginton · European Polygraph
The paper argues that the polygraph field's movement toward rigid standardization may have overcorrected, potentially sacrificing necessary clinical flexibility for…
Formation of professional competence in decision-making in non-standard situations of polygraph tests in the training of polygraph examiners (using the example of search tests)
Leonid Borodavko, Andrey Ermakov, Valentina… · Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
The research addresses training methodologies for developing examiner competencies in handling search tests and non-routine polygraph scenarios, contributing to professional…
Practical polygraph: Interviewing and screening public-safety applicants for social intolerance
Nelson, R., Handler, M. · American Polygraph Association Magazine
Authors concluded that polygraph examiners should become conversant with social intolerance topics and provided operational definitions, mind-mapping tools, and interview…
Significance of pre-test interview in polygraph examination
Neda Nakić · Bezbednost, Beograd
The study confirmed that issues arose during polygraph examinations when tests were not sufficiently prepared and when pre-test interviews were…
Devil's Advocate Tactic to Generate Rapport
Pérez-Campos Mayoral, E., Langer, A.… · Polygraph
The Devil's Advocate tactic for rapport generation provides examiners with a structured method to reduce examinee defensiveness while building trust…
Introduction to the NCCA ASCII standard
Handler, M., Hernandez, N. · Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment: A Journal of Science and Field Practice
The NCCA ASCII Standard successfully established a universal, human-readable text-based format for polygraph data that captures all hardware, software, physiological…
Paulhus Deception Scale--Italian Version; Short Form
Annamaria Di Fabio · PsycTESTS Dataset
The 12-item Italian PDS short form demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, with confirmatory factor analysis supporting the two-factor structure and adequate…
Question Formulation: Irrelevant, Relevant, and Comparison Questions
Nathan J. Gordon, William L.… · Effective Interviewing and Interrogation Techniques
The chapter establishes that all polygraph techniques utilize four question categories, each serving a distinct purpose. Key principles include ensuring…
The Polygraph Examiner Resource Guide (Validated Polygraph Techniques and Scoring Systems)
· European Polygraph
The guide establishes that validated evidentiary techniques must demonstrate minimum 90% accuracy with inconclusive rates not exceeding 20%, while providing…
Is what we wear, is who we are?
Tuvya T. Amsel · European Polygraph
The study suggests connections between clothing choices and psychological states, though specific findings cannot be determined without access to the…
Using the Lie Detector Test to Curb Corruption in the Nigeria Police Force
Ehi Esoimeme · SSRN Electronic Journal
The paper concludes that polygraph testing could help curb corruption in the Nigeria Police Force only if multiple conditions are…
Considerations for Interviewing Arabs and People of the Islamic Faith
John R. Cencich, Josephine DeCarlo · Behavior, Truth and Deception
The chapter emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between Arab ethnicity and Islamic faith, understanding cultural variability within Muslim populations, and…
Main Features of Polygraph Examiners Training
Viktoriya Larina · European Polygraph
The study identifies core elements essential for effective polygraph examiner training programs.
Manipulation by False Claims
Michael R. Napier · Behavior, Truth and Deception
Law enforcement may legally make false claims about physical evidence, witnesses, or polygraph results, but cannot misrepresent suspects' constitutional rights.…
Redefining the Road for the Industry
Tuvya T. Amsel · European Polygraph
The polygraph industry had almost entirely overlooked psychological issues in its training and publishing, creating a critical disconnect between the…
Report from the 10th Interdepartamental Polygraph Seminar Waplewo 2017
Marcin Gołaszewski · European Polygraph
The seminar focused on pre-employment screening examinations and forensic polygraph applications in criminal proceedings, with presentations including case studies from…
The Role of an Interpreter in Polygraph Checking
Bakhtiyar Aliyev · European Polygraph
Interpreted polygraph examinations require specially trained interpreters who provide literal word-for-word translation, have no personal relationship with examinees, and understand…
Tuvya Amsel, Practicing Polygraph, best practice guide, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, North Charleston, 2017
Michał Widacki · European Polygraph
The handbook provides practitioner-focused guidance on polygraph best practices, emphasizing individualized approaches, ethical examination procedures, and solutions to common field…
Using Interpreters and Translators in the Interviewing and Interrogation Processes
John R. Cencich · Behavior, Truth and Deception
Interpreter selection, preparation, and management are foundational to successful multilingual interviews. Professional, neutral interpreters with cultural competence are essential; family…
A Field Polygraph Examination: Science or Art?
Nathan J. Gordon · European Polygraph
Field polygraph examination integrates both scientific methodology through validated techniques and scoring systems, and professional artistry in areas like question…
Essentials of Polygraph and Polygraph Testing
Gordon, Nathan J. ·
The IZCT technique achieved 100% accuracy excluding inconclusives and 90-95% accuracy including inconclusives in field validation studies, with particularly strong…
Ethics and Standards
· Essentials of Polygraph and Polygraph Testing
Professional polygraph standards require validated techniques with empirical support, informed consent procedures, continuing education of at least 30 hours every…
International Society of Polygraph Examiners (ISOPE) 1st International Seminar Guatemala City Guatemala
· European Polygraph
The seminar represented a significant milestone in expanding international polygraph training opportunities to the Central American region, with participation from…
Polygraph Examinations Contaminating Factors
Tuvya T. Amsel · European Polygraph
Multiple psychological contaminating factors can cause innocent examinees to produce inconclusive or false positive results even when standard protocols are…
Report from the National Conference on the Instrumental and Non-Instrumental Methods of Detection of Deception – Current Legal Framework and the State of the Science – Rzeszów, 10–11 June 2016
Marcin Gołaszewski · European Polygraph
The conference brought together Polish and international experts to discuss legal admissibility, scientific validation, and professional standards for both traditional…
The Pre-test interview; the Foundation of Polygraph
Shurany, T., Gordon, N.J. ·
The manual elevates pre-test interviewing from an informal preliminary step to a structured, teachable skill set, emphasizing that examination quality…
Theoretical basis of pretest interview the survey on a polygraph
Реуцкая, Irina Reutskaya · Applied psychology and pedagogy
The author proposes reconceptualizing the pretest interview as a semi-formalized directional diagnostic interview that functions as the experimental introduction to…
Train the Trainers: A First Step towards a Science‐Based Cognitive Lie Detection Training Workshop Delivered by a Practitioner
Aldert Vrij, Samantha Mann, Sharon… · Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling
Training produced modest improvements in deception detection accuracy and significantly improved questioning strategies. However, trainees showed variable implementation of techniques,…
Training in the Strategic Use of Evidence technique: Improving deception detection accuracy of American law enforcement officers
Luke, T.J., Hartwig, M., Joseph,… · Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology
SUE-trained interviewers achieved 65% deception detection accuracy compared to 43% for untrained interviewers, representing a 22 percentage point improvement and…
Polygraph Examination Report
· Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice
The standardized report template requires documentation of examinee identification, examination details, relevant questions with verbatim responses, polygraph results, and qualified…
Pre-test Breathing Instructions
Leonard Goodson · Polygraph
Pre-test breathing instructions nearly doubled examiner perceptions of countermeasures (from 40.8% to 59.2%) and increased artifact detection rates, with concerning…
Should Police Use ACID? Training and Credibility Assessment Using Transcripts Versus Recordings
Kevin Colwell, Neslihan James-Kangal, Cheryl… · Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice
Trained officers achieved 89% accuracy in credibility assessment versus 53% for untrained officers, with equivalent performance using transcripts or audio…
Test question construction
Donald J. Krapohl, Pamela K.… · Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice
The chapter establishes standardized construction rules for six question types, emphasizing that proper question formulation is critical to valid results.…
Translating theory into practice: Evaluating a cognitive lie detection training workshop.
Aldert Vrij, Sharon Leal, Samantha… · Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition
Training resulted in modest improvements in distinguishing truths from lies and significantly increased the percentage of appropriate questions asked. When…
Metodicheskie sredstva sudebno-psikhofiziologicheskoy ekspertizy s primeneniem poligrafa
Kholodny, Y.I. · Yuridicheskaya psikhologiya
The paper establishes mandatory certification, minimum three years of examiner experience, minimum five control tests per examination, and standardized protocols…
Polygraph Examination of Pregnant Women: Dilemmas and Recommendations
Marcin Gołaszewski · European Polygraph
The study demonstrated that polygraph examination of pregnant women is feasible with appropriate accommodations, including modified break schedules and sensor…
A Realistic Perspective of the Art and Science of Forensic Psychophysiology
Nathan J. Gordon; William L.… · European Polygraph
The paper provides professional perspective on the balance between evidence-based polygraph methodology and the role of examiner skill and experience…
Catching liars: Training mental health and legal professionals to detect high-stakes lies
Stephen B. Porter · The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology
Overall detection accuracy increased significantly from M = 46.4% to 80.9% following a single comprehensive, empirically based full-day training workshop…
Testing a Deaf Mute Examinee in Costa Rica
Tuvia Shurany; Fabiola Chaves · European Polygraph
The paper documents practical approaches for adapting polygraph examination procedures to accommodate examinees with hearing and speech disabilities.
The Investigation and Investigative Interviewing of Benefit Fraud Suspects in the UK: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
Dave Walsh, Ray Bull · Applied Issues in Investigative Interviewing, Eyewitness Memory, and Credibility Assessment
Analysis of 142 actual benefit fraud interviews revealed that while investigators displayed ethical standards and used open questions, few interviews…
Współczesne standardy badań poligraficznych
Gołaszewski, M., Ibek, A., Widacki,… ·
The manual documents validated polygraph techniques with specific accuracy metrics (CIT showing 82.3% accuracy, 81.5% sensitivity, 83.2% specificity), establishes quality…
Conditions and Requirements of Polygraph Examination
Árpád Budaházi · European Polygraph
Identifies key procedural and environmental conditions essential for valid polygraph examination administration.
Criminal Prosecutors: Over-rating lie-catching abilities and misconstrued defendants' deceptions
Eitan Elaad · PsycEXTRA Dataset
Prosecutors overestimated lie-detection abilities but correctly rejected nervousness and eye contact as deception indicators. However, they showed willingness to pressure…
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a brief deception detection training program
Stephen Porter, Marcus Juodis, Leanne… · Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology
Brief three-hour training improved healthcare professionals' deception detection accuracy from 51.2% to 60.7%, with gains primarily in correctly identifying deceptive…
Test Structure and Administration
Donald J. Krapohl · European Polygraph
The Utah-CQT approach provides some of the highest rates of criterion accuracy and interrater reliability of any polygraph examination protocol…
Полиграф в практике расследования преступлений (The polygraph in practice in the investigation of crimes)
Aleksandr Petrovich Soshnikov · Book/Monograph
The manual establishes comprehensive procedural standards for Russian forensic polygraph practice, detailing three primary testing methodologies, 16 specific investigative applications,…
Polygraph terms for the 21st century
Handler, M., Nelson, R. · Polygraph
The central recommendation is to replace 'psychological set' with 'salience,' a term more widely recognized in scientific literature. Additional key…
Federal Psychophysiological Detection of Deception Examiner Handbook
U.S. Department of Defense · Government & Policy Documents
Official policy manual for all federal polygraph programs. Standardized testing procedures, scoring methods, and quality assurance requirements. Based on accumulated…
Computer-Based Training for Deception Detection: What Users Want?
Jinwei Cao, Ming Lin, Amit… · Lecture Notes in Computer Science
The study demonstrated good system usability and identified key user requirements including configurable interfaces, improved audio/video quality, more immediate feedback,…
Instrumental detection of lies: Academic course
Ogloblin, S.I., Molchanov, A.Yu. ·
This is a training textbook, not an empirical research study, and therefore does not report experimental findings or statistical results.
Designing Agent99 Trainer: A Learner-Centered, Web-Based Training System for Deception Detection
Jinwei Cao, Janna M. Crews,… · Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Training significantly improved deception detection accuracy, and Agent99 Trainer proved as effective as traditional lecture-based instruction, with participants showing a…
How to assess credibility when conducting workplace investigations
Louis Avitabile, Brian H. Kleiner · Management Research News
The paper identifies key credibility assessment factors including information integrity, consistency and specificity of accounts, plausibility within context, and direct…
How to Detect Deception? Arresting the Beliefs of Police Officers, Prosecutors and Judges
Strömwall, L., Granhag, P.A. · Psychology, Crime & Law
All three professional groups held beliefs about deception detection that contradicted scientific research, with most relying on nonverbal cues like…
E 2065-00: Standard Guide for PDD Examinations
American Society for Testing and… · Annual Book of ASTM Standards
The standard established comprehensive ethical requirements for all individuals engaged in forensic psychophysiological detection of deception, creating a foundational framework…
Truth, lies, and videotape: An investigation of the ability of federal parole officers to detect deception
Stephen B. Porter · Law and Human Behavior
Federal parole officers improved from a below-chance baseline accuracy of 40.4% to 76.7% following structured lie detection training, significantly outperforming…
Interviewing and Interrogation for Law Enforcement
Fred Edward Inbau; John E.… · Williams & Wilkins (4th Edition)
Updated edition of the influential Reid Technique manual. Documented the evolution of polygraph from pure detection tool to interview-enhancing instrument…
Significance of MMPI "Lie" Scale Elevations
T. Fjordback · PsycEXTRA Dataset
All forensic patients meeting criteria of Lie scale > 6 with no clinical elevations showed psychotic disorders with prominent paranoid…
Global Evaluation: An Inductive Approach to Case Resolution
Slowik, S. · Polygraph
Global evaluation, when properly conducted, is a systematic integration of multiple data sources—not subjective impression—and serves to identify possible polygraph…
The Effect of Selected Variables on Interpretation of Polygraph Records
Frank S. Horvath · Journal of Applied Psychology
Examined factors affecting polygraph chart interpretation including examiner experience. Found that trained examiners achieved significantly higher accuracy than untrained raters,…
Ethics and the Polygraph Examiner
Charles L. Yeschke · The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science
The paper established that polygraph examiners must maintain professional neutrality and have ethical obligations to both examinees and employing agencies,…
Academy of Polygraph (Lie-Detector) Examiners, An
Fred Edward Inbau · Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology
Inbau identified the absence of standardized training and professional credentialing as the primary barrier to polygraph legitimacy, and proposed a…
Guide for Requirements for Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) Examiners
·
The standard established comprehensive ethical requirements covering professional competence, conflicts of interest, examinee rights, confidentiality, and reporting standards, representing a…
Practice for Calibration and Functionality Checks Used in Forensic Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (Polygraph) Examinations
·
The standard establishes that analog polygraphs may be calibrated by examiners, manufacturers, or authorized individuals, while computerized instrumentation must be…
Practice for Quality Control of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (Polygraph) Examinations
·
The standard established that all polygraph examinations may be subjected to quality control review by experienced examiners, with reviews required…