Scoring & Test Data Analysis
Overview
Scoring and test data analysis research focuses on how polygraph data is interpreted — the numerical scoring systems, computerized algorithms, and decision rules that transform raw physiological recordings into truthful/deceptive/inconclusive outcomes. This is where the science of measurement meets the practice of polygraph testing.
The shift from subjective global analysis to standardized numerical scoring, and then to computerized algorithms (PolyScore, OSS-3, ASIT PolySuite), represents one of the most important advances in polygraph science. Research in this area has shown that computerized scoring can match or exceed human accuracy while eliminating inter-scorer variability.
Scoring research typically compares multiple scoring methods applied to the same set of polygraph charts. Look for studies that use blind scoring (where the scorer doesn't know the case facts) and report inter-rater reliability (agreement between different scorers). The threshold for calling a test "deceptive" vs. "inconclusive" is a critical variable.
Research Landscape
All 100 Studies
'Believe your chart but don't ignore your nose'
Tuvya T. Amsel · European Polygraph
The study concludes that examiners should engage their intuition as accumulated subconscious information gained through experience to supplement numerical scoring,…
Possible Sources of the Difference in the Severity of the Prior Information Effect on Polygraph Scoring Found in Three Published Studies
Ginton, A. · Psychological Reports
Prior information effects on polygraph scoring vary significantly across studies, with real-world impact estimated to adversely affect only 3-5% of…
Comparison of OSS-3 and PolyScore in Multi-Issue and Single-Issue Field Exams
Donald J. Krapohl; Donnie W.… · Polygraph
Compared computerized scoring algorithms on field data. OSS-3 correctly identified 71% truthful and 96% deceptive with 14% inconclusive rate, outperforming…
Improvement of discrimination method utilizing effect sizes to identify differential physiological responses in the Concealed Information Test
Yusuke Shibuya, Michiko Tsuneoka, Reo… · Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology
The weighted effect size method incorporating consistency-based weighting and covariate adjustment outperformed traditional unweighted approaches, providing more accurate and interpretable…
Bayesian Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Models for Deception Detection Analyses
Mircea Zloteanu, Matti Vuorre ·
The SDT GLMM approach separates true discriminability (d-prime) from response bias (criterion), incorporates individual differences through random effects, and reveals…
Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling of Autonomic Responses during the Concealed Information Test
YUSUKE SHIBUYA, MICHIKO TSUNEOKA, REO… · Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology
The hierarchical Bayesian state-space model successfully analyzes CIT physiological time-series data in natural measurement units without standardization, revealing typical response…
Optimization of Signal Processing Parameters in Psychophysiological Studies on the Example of GSR and PPG
Yury Ivanovich Kholodny · Experimental Psychology (Russia)
Universal signal processing parameters were validated that demonstrated superiority over traditional baseline-relative methods and proved applicable across various physiological signals…
An amplitude-independent component of an integral measure in the concealed information test
Reo Takahashi, Yusuke Shibuya, Tokihiro… · The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association
Skin conductance area obtained by summing the delta signal for 10 seconds after question onset showed the best classification performance…
Hierarchical Bayesian modeling for time series physiological data during the autonomic-based concealed information test.
Yusuke Shibuya, Tokihiro Ogawa, Michiko… · The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association
Hierarchical Bayesian models applied to 167 participants' CIT data provided more accurate effect size estimates than conventional methods, confirmed CIT…
Thoughts on the Inconclusive Zone in Comparison Question Test (CQT)
Avital Ginton · European Polygraph
Inconclusive results indicate CQT method failure to identify the subject's state of mind rather than reflecting actual truthfulness, requiring fundamental…
Quantification methods for within-series physiological variations in the concealed information test
Tokihiro Ogawa, Mariko Hosoe, Natsu… · Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology
First-order difference measures of physiological transitions successfully distinguished between knowledgeable and unknowledgeable examinees, demonstrating that sequential response patterns contain diagnostic…
Response Onset Windows for Electrodermal, Cardiovascular and Vasomotor Responses: A Preliminary Study Using the British One-issue Screening Test
Donnie W. Dutton · Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment
Conventional response onset windows (0.5-4.0s electrodermal, 1.0-9.0s cardiovascular, 2.0-9.0s vasomotor) were empirically validated, with electrodermal responses showing significant skew clustering…
Best Practices in Polygraph Examination
Donnie W. Dutton · Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment
Monte Carlo simulations based on 299 subtotal scores provided the first systematic criterion accuracy estimates and confidence intervals for two-relevant-question…
Electrodermal Response Ratios: Scoring Against the Stronger of Two Comparison Questions in Search of an Optimal Minimum Threshold
Donald J. Krapohl · European Polygraph
The optimal minimum difference for scoring electrodermal responses against the stronger of two comparison questions was 30%, with a point-biserial…
Electrodermal Responses: When is Bigger Really Better?
Krapohl, D.J. · Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment: A Journal of Science and Field Practice
Performance peaked when electrodermal response amplitudes differed by 10-20%, with a subsequent laboratory analysis finding optimal correlation at 30% minimum…
Is the t-test insensitive than the bootstrap method in the P300-based concealed information test?
Jin-sup Eom, Jin-Hun Sohn, Mi-Sook… · THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY
The t-test and percentile bootstrap method showed similar Type I error rates, with the bootstrap method demonstrating only slightly higher…
Examining probability distribution of within a set judgment method for Concealed Information Test
Naohiro Yamamoto · The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association
The study analyzed probability distributions of within-set judgment methods to establish statistical foundations for CIT decision-making and threshold setting in…
How To: A Step-by-Step Worksheet for the Multinomial ESS
Benjamin L. Blalock · Poligrafia
The paper provides comprehensive implementation tools including a structured ESS-M Analysis Worksheet, multinomial reference tables for various test formats (3-5…
Likelihood Ratio in Evidential Evaluation of Polygraph Examination
Jerzy Konieczny, Paulina Wolańska-Nowak · Internal Security
The paper demonstrates that likelihood ratio frameworks can quantify the evidential weight of polygraph results by comparing the probability of…
Practical Polygraph: How to Parse Categorical Results for Test Questions of Diagnostic and Screening Polygraphs
Benjamin L. Blalock · APA Magazine
For diagnostic examinations, the Grand Total Rule should be used when all relevant questions address the same issue, while for…
The intra-individual consistency of the differential physiological responses on the Concealed Information Test: hierarchical Bayesian approach.
Yusuke Shibuya · The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association
Hierarchical Bayesian estimates of effect sizes were more accurate than conventional approaches, revealing that traditional Z-score methods overestimate the magnitude…
Believing is Seeing: The Influence of Expectations on Blind Scoring of Polygraph Data
Donnie W. Dutton · Polygraph and Forensic Credibility Assessment
Polygraph scores and decisions were systematically shifted in the direction of biasing information provided to examiners, demonstrating that confirmation bias…
Credibility Assessment Using Bayesian Credible Intervals: A Replication Study
Raymond Nelson · Polygraph
Replicated earlier accuracy findings using Bayesian credible intervals and the ESS-M scoring method. Confirmed high accuracy with event-specific polygraphs using…
Electrodermal signal processing: a correlation study of auto-centered EDA and manually-centered EDA with the Criterion State of Deception and Truth-telling
Nelson, R. · Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment
Optimized auto-centered EDA filters equaled or exceeded the criterion correlation of manually-centered EDA, with a coefficient of determination (r²) of…
Idiosyncrasies in Chart Evaluation
Tuvia Shurany; Nathan J. Gordon · European Polygraph
The study found that individual physiological response patterns vary significantly, with EDA contributing 55% of reactions, cardio 26%, and pneumo…
Practical Polygraph: A Survey and Description of Decision Rules
Raymond Nelson · APA Magazine
Comprehensive survey of decision rules used in modern polygraph testing. Documented the evolution from subjective to objective decision criteria and…
Reducing Bias in Polygraph Scoring: The Effect of Biasing Information on Blind Evaluation of Polygraph Charts
Krapohl, D.J., Dutton, D.W. · Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment
Polygraph scores and decisions were significantly shifted in the direction of biasing information, with examiners told cases were deceptive scoring…
Reducing Inconclusive Results: A Descriptive Analysis of Decision Rules, Weighted Electrodermal Scores and Multinomial Cut-Scores
Donnie W. Dutton · Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment
Weighted EDA scores alone reduced inconclusive results by 49%, while combining EDA weighting with multinomial cut-scores achieved a 72% reduction…
The difference between the manual and automatic settings for the electrodermal channel and a potential effect on manual scoring
Kalafati, A., Krapohl, D.J. · Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment: A Journal of Science and Field Practice
Manual and automatic EDA modes produce substantially similar aggregate outcomes but may diverge in individual scoring decisions, with automatic mode…
Multinomial reference distributions for the Empirical Scoring System
Nelson, R. · Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment
The study successfully produced theoretical multinomial reference distributions that showed virtually perfect concordance with Monte Carlo simulations, enabling Bayesian classification…
The Distribution of Useful Frequencies in Polygraph Sensor Channels
Bruce White · European Polygraph
Full text unavailable for analysis.
Updated numerical distributions for the Empirical Scoring System: An accuracy demonstration with archival datasets with and without the Vasomotor Sensor
Nelson, R. · Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment
The updated ESS-M maintained diagnostic accuracy equal to or exceeding the original ESS while successfully incorporating vasomotor sensor data that…
Data Analysis
· Essentials of Polygraph and Polygraph Testing
The chapter synthesizes established data analysis methods emphasizing the shift from subjective assessment to standardized numerical scoring systems, reflecting the…
Extended Analysis with ESS and OSS-3 on USAF-MGQT Examination Data
Raymond Nelson; Benjamin L. Blalock · Polygraph
Applied ESS and OSS-3 to USAF examination data. Found ESS component weighting achieved superior diagnostic extraction compared to simpler three-position…
Decision Accuracy for the Relevant-Irrelevant Screening Test: Influence of an Algorithm on Human Decision-Making
Donald J. Krapohl; Walt Goodson · European Polygraph
The study addressed the poor interrater reliability problem that has plagued RI screening tests, investigating whether algorithmic support could resolve…
Monte Carlo Estimates of the Validity of Polygraph Testing
David C. Raskin; Charles Robert… · Various Publications
Used Monte Carlo simulation methods to estimate polygraph validity across different conditions. Statistical modeling confirmed high accuracy estimates consistent with…
Observations from the Analysis of Searching Peak of Tension Test (SPOT) Charts
Ryszard Jaworski · European Polygraph
The study demonstrates practical applications of SPOT testing in locating evidence and eliciting confessions in serious criminal cases, with analysis…
Letter to the Editor: Calculating Polygraph Decision Accuracy
Donald J. Krapohl · European Polygraph
Specific findings cannot be determined without access to the full text of this brief editorial communication.
Polygraph Test Results Assessment by Regression Analysis Methods
Kirill Leontiev, Sergey Panin, Yuri… · Science and Education of the Bauman MSTU
The study demonstrated that regression-based statistical methods could provide systematic evaluation of polygraph data, reducing examiner subjectivity and establishing quantifiable…
Information gain of the directed lie screening test
Handler, M., Honts, C., Nelson,… · Polygraph
DLST/ESS provided meaningful information gain (>5%) across nearly all plausible base rates, substantially exceeding the performance of unassisted professional veracity…
Notion of significance in concealed information test.
Tokihiro OGAWA, Izumi MATSUDA, Michiko… · The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association
Effect sizes (92.4% accuracy) and randomization test p-values (90.6% accuracy) substantially outperformed traditional Lykken's scores (83.2%) and likelihood ratios (74.8%)…
The Connection between Score Threshold, Rate of Inconclusives and Minimum Number of Charts Required for Decision of Truth or Deception
James Allan Matte · European Polygraph
Higher scoring thresholds increase accuracy while maintaining manageable inconclusive rates, with +3 and +1 score thresholds demonstrating equivalent 0.0 error…
Applicability of Multivariate Hierarchical Linear Model to Concealed Information Test data.
Yusuke SHIBUYA · The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association
Hierarchical linear models provide a principled framework for handling the multi-level structure of CIT data (items within questions within individuals),…
Effectiveness of the Integrated Zone Comparison Technique (IZCT) with Various Scoring Systems in a Mock Crime Experiment by Students
Nathan J. Gordon; William L.… · European Polygraph
The study systematically compared three scoring approaches for the IZCT in a controlled environment where ground truth was known, addressing…
Human and computer decision-making in the psychophysiological detection of deception
Kircher, J. C., Kristjansson, S.,… · Polygraph
Only electrodermal response amplitude, cardiograph baseline increase, and respiration line length proved valid and reliable indicators of deception across all…
Minimum Number of Polygraph Charts Required to Reach a Conclusion of Truth or Deception in Psychophysiological Veracity Examinations
James Allan Matte · European Polygraph
The study provided a mathematical framework for determining chart collection requirements based on reliability coefficients, questioning whether the standard two-chart…
Monte Carlo Study of Criterion Validity for Two-Question Zone Comparison Tests with the ESS
Raymond Nelson · Polygraph
Used Monte Carlo simulation methods to establish statistical confidence intervals for ESS scoring across various test formats and decision rules.…
Criterion validity of the Empirical Scoring System and the Objective Scoring System, version 3 with the USAF Modified General Question Technique
Benjamin L. Blalock · Polygraph
Manual ESS achieved 88.2% unweighted accuracy, automated ESS achieved 89.7%, and the OSS-3 computer algorithm reached 90.2% correct decisions, with…
Criterion Validity of the Empirical Scoring System with experienced examiners: Comparison with the seven-position evidentiary model Using the Federal Zone Comparison Technique
Nelson, R., Krapohl, D. · Polygraph
No statistically significant differences were found between the ESS and seven-position evidentiary model across 13 dimensions of criterion accuracy when…
Effect of stimulus probabilities on physiological responses in the concealed information test
Tokihiro OGAWA, Izumi MATSUDA · The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association
The weighted average method successfully removed bias in respiration line length calculations and significantly increased discrimination performance in experimental CIT…
Effects of Within-individual Standardization on Statistical Test and Effect Size on the Concealed Information Test.
Yusuke Shibuya · Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology
The study found that the choice of within-individual standardization method significantly affects both statistical test results and calculated effect sizes…
Efficiency Formula for Polygraph Examination
Vitas Saldžiūnas; Aleksandras Kovalenko · European Polygraph
A mathematical formula was developed to calculate polygraph examination efficiency based on quantitative parameters.
Empirical Scoring System: A Cross-Cultural Replication and Extension Study
Mark Handler; Raymond Nelson; Walt… · Polygraph
International validation with 19 trainees scoring 100 confirmed cases. Achieved mean accuracy of 90.1% (95% CI: 83.8–95.8%), demonstrating ESS validity…
Improved method for calculating the respiratory line length in the concealed information test
Matsuda, I., Ogawa, T. · International Journal of Psychophysiology
The weighted average method successfully removed systematic bias in respiration line length calculations and significantly increased discrimination performance compared to…
Reliability of the Empirical Scoring System with expert examiners
Benjamin L. Blalock · Polygraph
Fleiss kappa of .61 (95% CI: .54–.68) indicated substantial inter-rater agreement on numerical scores, while mean decision agreement reached 95.4%…
Using the Empirical Scoring System
Pamela K. Shaw · Polygraph
Validation data across 13 dimensions of criterion accuracy from 5,192 scored results of 732 confirmed ZCT examinations demonstrated strong performance…
A Field Study of the Backster Zone Comparison Technique's Either-Or Rule and Scoring System Versus Two Other Scoring Systems When Relevant Question Elicits Strong Response
James Allan Matte · European Polygraph
The study analyzed the comparative effectiveness of the Backster Either-Or Rule versus the federal scoring system and Matte Quadri-Track system…
A Test of the ESS with Two-Question Field Cases
Donald J. Krapohl · Polygraph
Validated ESS for two-question test formats. Found accuracy remained robust even with reduced question count, supporting ESS utility for shorter…
An Assessment of the Backster Either-Or Rule in Polygraph 240 Scoring
Krapohl, D.J., Handler, M.D., Gordon,… · Polygraph
Application of the Either-Or Rule increased correct decisions from 70% to 80% and reduced inconclusives from 27% to 17%, with…
Empirical Scoring System: NPC Quick Reference
Nelson, R., Handler, M. ·
Inexperienced examiners using ESS achieved mean accuracy of 90.1% (95% CI = 83.8% to 95.8%) with only 3.3% inconclusives, and…
Lie Detection with Computer
Varlamov, V., Varlamov, G. ·
Computerized scoring systems can apply consistent measurement standards across variable field conditions, and examinees must maintain an optimal stress level…
A Replication and Validation Study on an Empirically Based Manual Scoring System
Benjamin L. Blalock; Barry Cushman;… · Polygraph
Replicated ESS validation with independent sample of confirmed cases. Results consistent with original validation studies, supporting reliability of the scoring…
Comparison of the Objective Scoring System and Probability Analysis
Department of Defense Polygraph Institute · NCJRS (US Government)
Both the Objective Scoring System and Probability Analysis demonstrated equivalent accuracy with no significant differences in area under the ROC…
Influence of case facts on blind scorers of polygraph tests
Tuvia Shurany; James Allan Matte;… · European Polygraph
The study assessed whether contextual information, particularly incriminating evidence like fingerprint matches, biases blind scoring of polygraph quality control reviews.
Information gain of psychophysiological detection of deception in forensic and screening settings
Charles Robert Honts; William J.… · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
Polygraph tests demonstrated substantial improvements in information gain over unassisted laypersons across nearly the complete range of base rates of…
Statistical discrimination methods for the polygraph test
Izumi MATSUDA, Akihisa HIROTA, Tokihiro… · Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology
The latent class discrimination method (database-based) and hidden Markov discrimination method (within-individual) both demonstrated higher discrimination performance than conventional logistic…
Within-individual discrimination on the concealed information test using dynamic mixture modeling
Matsuda, I., Hirota, A., Ogawa,… · Psychophysiology
The hidden Markov discrimination method showed superior performance compared to conventional within-individual scoring approaches in a mock theft experiment with…
An Assessment of the Backster ‘Either-Or’ Rule in Polygraph Scoring
Eldad Meiron; Donald J. Krapohl;… · Polygraph
Empirically tested Backster’s long-standing “Either-Or” scoring rule. Found the rule did not improve accuracy and recommended against its routine use,…
An Empirically Based Normative System for Test Data Analysis
Raymond Nelson; Donald J. Krapohl;… · Polygraph
Introduced the Empirical Scoring System based on normative physiological data. Provided validation across 732 confirmed examinations scored by 140 examiners…
Brute-force comparison: A Monte Carlo study of the Objective Scoring System version 3 (OSS-3) and human polygraph scorers
Nelson, R., Krapohl, D., Handler,… · Polygraph
OSS-3 exceeded the decision accuracy of 10 human scorers and 9 out of 10 individual scorers across six accuracy dimensions.…
Development and validation of the Objective Scoring System version 3
Nelson, R., Handler, M., Krapohl,… · Polygraph
OSS-3 achieved 88% average decision accuracy with balanced sensitivity and specificity, with computer algorithms providing perfect interrater reliability compared to…
Exploration of a Two-Stage Approach for PDD Data Analysis
Stuart M. Senter; Andrew Belvin… · Polygraph
Developed two-stage scoring approach combining Grand Total and Spot Score rules. Reduced inconclusive rates while maintaining decision accuracy, adopted widely…
Objective Scoring System, Version 3 (OSS-3): Development and Validation
Raymond Nelson; Mark Handler; Donald… · Polygraph
Described the OSS-3 algorithm and used brute-force methods to compare accuracy against previous versions and human examiners. OSS-3 demonstrated balanced…
Development of the Objective Scoring System (OSS) and Empirical Scoring System (ESS)
Raymond Nelson; Mark Handler; Donald… · Polygraph
Developed and validated the OSS and ESS computerized scoring methods, resulting in more objective and stable analysis of psychophysiological outcomes.…
Selected aspects of uncertainty in polygraph examination
Jerzy Konieczny · European Polygraph
The study identifies multiple sources of uncertainty in polygraph examinations that can impact test reliability and accuracy.
A new discrimination method for the concealed information test using pretest data and within-individual comparisons
Matsuda, I., Hirota, A., Ogawa,… · Biological Psychology
The latent class discrimination method showed superior discrimination performance compared to conventional statistical methods by incorporating pretest card test data…
Comparison of evidentiary and investigative decision rules: A replication
Barry Cushman · Polygraph
Evidentiary Decision Rules outperformed Investigative Decision Rules on accuracy, inconclusive rate reduction, and error balance, replicating and confirming the findings…
Integrated zone comparison polygraph technique accuracy with scoring algorithms
Nathan J. Gordon; Feroze B.… · Physiology & Behavior
All three algorithms achieved 100% accuracy when inconclusive results were excluded. When inconclusives were counted as errors, ASIT Poly Suite…
Psychophysiological analysis (PSPHA): A modular script based program for analyzing psychophysiological data
De Clercq, A., Verschuere, B.,… · Behavior Research Methods
PSPHA successfully provides a free, flexible platform for analyzing biosignals including skin conductance, ECG, respiration, and EMG with VBScript-based modularity…
The Prospects of the using Wavelet - Transform for Analysis Information Function in the Test Technology
E.R. Kozhanova, A.A. Zaharov, A.M.… · 2006 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering
Paper unavailable for analysis. Title suggests exploration of wavelet methods for polygraph signal processing.
An Exploration of Methods for the Analysis of Multiple-Issue Relevant/Irrelevant Screening Data
Stuart M. Senter · Polygraph
Different scoring and analytical methods produce meaningfully different accuracy and inconclusive rates on Multiple-Issue R/I data, with structured numerical scoring…
Polygraph Decision Rules for Evidentiary and Paired Testing (Marin Protocol)
Donald J. Krapohl · Polygraph
Established decision rules specifically for evidentiary-quality polygraph examinations, with more conservative cutscores to minimize errors in legal contexts.
The Impact of Averaging Assigned Scores on Polygraph Decision Accuracy
Donnie W. Dutton · Polygraph
Averaging assigned scores from multiple evaluators prior to the decision stage did not consistently or significantly improve ZCT decision accuracy…
A Comparison of Polygraph Data Evaluation Conventions Used at the University of Utah and the Department of Defense Polygraph Institute
Senter, S., Dollins, A., Krapohl,… · Polygraph
All scorers achieved highest accuracy using University of Utah chart evaluation rules regardless of training institution, demonstrating that scoring conventions…
Automated Scoring of Polygraph Data
Aleksandra Slavkovic · Statistical Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
With a simplified logistic regression approach using carefully selected features from electrodermal, cardiovascular, and respiratory channels, the study achieved classification…
Modified General Question Test Decision Rule Exploration
Stuart M. Senter · Polygraph
Systematic exploration of decision rules for the MGQT format. Identified optimal cutscores and two-stage decision rules that maximized accuracy while…
Relative efficacy of the Utah, Backster, and federal scoring rules: A preliminary investigation
Andrew Belvin Dollins · Polygraph
The Backster scoring system produced larger negative values and an imbalance in conclusive scores compared to Utah and Federal systems,…
Computerized Polygraph System
Kircher, J.C., Raskin, D.C. · Journal of Forensic Sciences
The CPS algorithm demonstrated accuracy rates of 95-96% on confirmed truthful cases and 85-95% on deceptive cases in field validation…
Comparison of Skin Conductance and Skin Resistance Measures for the Detection of Deception
John C. Kircher, Ted Packard,… ·
The research demonstrated that stimulation pretests can contribute to increased polygraph test accuracy. The study also provided comparative data on…
New Decision Rule Development: Exploration of a Two-Stage Approach
Stuart M. Senter · DoDPI Research Reports
The Two-Stage Rule (TSR) successfully reduced the proportion of inconclusive polygraph test results while maintaining classification accuracy equivalent to the…
The Rank Order Scoring System: Replication and Extension with Field Data
Donnie W. Dutton · Polygraph
ROSS achieved 80.3% accuracy with inconclusives and 91.6% without them in a 300-case field sample, showing no statistically significant difference…
A comparison of 3- and 7-position scoring scales with field examinations
Harwell, E.M. · Polygraph
The 3-position scoring scale demonstrated criterion accuracy significantly greater than chance with no significant differences in test sensitivity to deception…
An exploratory study of traditional and objective scoring systems with MGQT field cases
Krapohl, D. J., Norris, W.… · Polygraph
Human scorers demonstrated better sensitivity to deception while the OSS model outperformed human scorers in specificity to truthfulness, revealing that…
Comparison of computerized polygraph scoring algorithms
Dollins, A.B., Krapohl, D.J., Dutton,… · Journal of Forensic Sciences
All five algorithms demonstrated comparable accuracy (88-91% correct decisions excluding inconclusives) but exhibited false positive rates of 31-46% when inconclusives…
Comparison of Utah and DoDPI Scoring Accuracy: Equating Veracity Decision Rule, Chart Rule, and Number of Data Channels Used
Stuart M. Senter · DoDPI Research Reports
When veracity decision rules, chart number, and data channels were equated, DoDPI and Utah scorers showed no significant differences in…
Guide for Performing the Objective Scoring System
Donnie W. Dutton · Polygraph
Dutton's guide demonstrated that all OSS scoring decisions can be derived entirely from direct physical measurement of three Kircher physiological…
The frequency of appearance of evaluative criteria in field polygraph charts
Ansley, N., Krapohl, D.J. · Polygraph
Electrodermal activity accounted for 55% of all reactions, followed by cardiograph (26%) and pneumograph (19%). Criteria frequency ranged from 5…
A Comparison of Computer Programs Designed to Evaluate Psychophysiological Detection of Deception Examinations: Bakeoff 1
Donnie W. Dutton · Department of Defense Polygraph Institute Report
All five computer scoring programs achieved statistically equivalent accuracy rates of 88–91% on definitive decisions, with no single program significantly…
Manually Scoring Polygraph Charts Utilizing the Seven-Position Numerical Analysis Scale at the Department of Defense Polygraph Institute
Swinford, J. · Polygraph
The documentation identified 22 distinct physiological reaction criteria (12 respiration, 3 electrodermal, 7 cardiovascular) and established hierarchical scoring rules based…
Numerical evaluation of the Army zone comparison test
Light, G. D. · Polygraph
The study detailed the Army ZCT seven-position numerical scoring system (-3 to +3) with standardized criteria for evaluating respiration, electrodermal,…