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Applied Cognitive Psychology
54 peer-reviewed polygraph studies · 1996–2025
Authors in Applied Cognitive Psychology [106]
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All studies [54]
Every peer-reviewed study from Applied Cognitive Psychology in our database, ordered newest first.
Detecting Deepfakes Through Emotion?: Facial Expression and Emotional Contagion as Dual Indicators of Deepfake Credibility
Deepfakes exhibited lower overall and negative emotions compared to authentic videos. Counterintuitively, audiences' reduced emotional responses to deepfakes were associated…
A Filtering Response Time Concealed Information Test for Searching for Relevant Concealed Items
The filtering RT-CIT protocol reduced testing time by approximately 59% (from 17 to 7 minutes) compared to conventional approaches while…
Does (Biasing) Nonverbal Information Deteriorate the Accuracy of the Take-the-Best Heuristic for Deception Detection?
The detailedness heuristic achieved accuracy rates of 60.9-71.8% compared to 52.6-56.9% for unguided judgments (d = 0.55-0.76), but strongly biasing…
Ocular-motor deception testing in civilly detained sexually violent persons: An alternative to post-conviction sex offender polygraph testing?
ODT accuracy rates in sexually violent persons were not significantly less than the published benchmark of 80% accuracy, demonstrating potential…
The confidence‐accuracy relation – A comparison of metacognition measures in lie detection
Regardless of analytical measure used, none of the 12 studies demonstrated a confidence-accuracy relationship, indicating people lack metacognitive insight into…
No evidence that instructions to ignore nonverbal cues improve deception detection accuracy
Instructions to ignore nonverbal cues produced no improvement in deception detection accuracy across three experiments. Participants continued to rely on…
A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of the Comparison Question Polygraph Test
The largest meta-analysis ever conducted on the CQT, analyzing 138 datasets. Found a meta-analytic effect size of 0.69 including inconclusives.…
Discriminating deceptive from truthful statements using the verifiability approach: A meta-analysis
Truth-tellers provided significantly more verifiable details (d = 0.49) and a higher proportion of verifiable details (d = 0.49) than…
The verifiability approach to deception detection: A preregistered direct replication of the information protocol condition of Nahari, Vrij, and Fisher (2014b)
Truth tellers provided significantly more verifiable details than liars (d = 0.49), confirming the Verifiability Approach prediction, but the effect…
Does the cognitive approach to lie detection improve the accuracy of human observers?
Cognitive approaches to lie detection produced 60% accuracy overall, but only 55% after bias correction—barely above chance levels of 50%.
Addressing selective attrition in the enhanced response time-based concealed information test: A within-subject replication
The enhanced CIT with filler items significantly outperformed the standard version (d=1.07, p<.001) in a within-subject design that eliminated selective…
A model statement does not enhance the verifiability approach
Model statements did not enhance the discriminability of the verifiability approach, as both truth-tellers and liars similarly increased verifiable details…
Detecting smugglers: Identifying strategies and behaviours in individuals in possession of illicit objects
Observer detection of smugglers was remarkably poor with accuracy rates of 48% and 39.2% in two experiments, despite smugglers actually…
Do incompatible alternatives in a testimony affect witness credibility?
Witnesses reporting incompatible alternatives were consistently judged as less credible across three experiments. Educating participants that witnesses can legitimately report…
Testing a potential alternative to traditional identification procedures: Reaction time-based concealed information test does not work for lineups with cooperative witnesses
The RT-CIT demonstrated negligibly small diagnostic validity (d = 0.14, 95% CI 0.08-0.19) across five experiments, failing to effectively identify…
Deception and truth detection when analyzing nonverbal and verbal cues
Observers achieve only 52% accuracy when viewing nonverbal behavior alone versus 63% when hearing verbal content. Meta-analyses show that of…
The impact of hedged testimony on judgments of credibility
Without cross-examination, participants counterintuitively rated testimony as more credible when the assault occurred 15 years ago (age 4 encoding). However,…
Information leakage in the response time-based concealed information test
Information leakage severely reduced traditional RT-CIT accuracy to AUC = .61-.64, but the novel Inducer-CIT maintained substantially higher accuracy of…
Automated Verbal Credibility Assessment of Intentions: The Model Statement Technique and Predictive Modeling
Machine learning classification achieved 80% accuracy in initial testing but dropped to 63% in independent validation, with liars paradoxically including…
The verifiability approach: Countermeasures facilitate its ability to discriminate between truths and lies
When forewarned about verifiability checking, truth-tellers provided significantly more verifiable details than liars (d = 1.14), demonstrating that the Verifiability…
Lie detection from multiple cues: A meta-analysis
Multiple behavioral cues combined yield 67.9% accuracy in lie detection (R = .52), substantially exceeding the 54% accuracy of single-cue…
Detecting Deception in Non‐Native English Speakers
Observers showed a systematic lie bias toward non-native English speakers, judging them as deceptive more often than native speakers, with…
How awareness of possible evidence induces forthcoming counter-interrogation strategies
When alerted to possible evidence from surveillance cameras, guilty suspects polarized into extremely withholding or extremely forthcoming verbal strategies, while…
Sorting the liars from the truth tellers: The benefits of asking unanticipated questions
Liars' verbal responses showed a greater decline in details across three of four question pairs when shifting from anticipated to…
Primacy effect in credibility judgments: The vulnerability of verbal cues to biased interpretations
A robust primacy effect was found: participants judged the same narrator as more credible when the detail-rich account came first,…
Predicting the sensitivity of the reaction time-based concealed information test
Target-irrelevant response patterns effectively predicted individual CIT sensitivity, improving discrimination accuracy from 86% to 97% hit rate (ROC AUC 0.95)…
Reaction time-based detection of concealed information in relation to individual differences in executive functioning
The RT-CIT successfully differentiated guilty from innocent participants, with set-shifting and inhibition directly related to deception accuracy and speed; individuals…
Training to detect what? The biasing effect of training on veracity judgments
Deception-focused training increased lie judgments while truthfulness-focused training decreased them; both training types inflated confidence without improving accuracy; traditional training…
Detecting concealed information with reaction times: Validity and comparison with the polygraph
Both the RT-based CIT and the polygraph-based CIT successfully discriminated between concealed and control autobiographical information, with similarly high effect…
Criteria-Based Content Analysis of true and suggested accounts of events
CBCA successfully discriminated true from suggested events overall, but discriminative power collapsed for participants with full false memories, where CBCA…
Do textual features affect credibility judgment? It all depends on who is the judge
High-absorption individuals judged sparse narratives as more credible than low-absorption individuals, while both groups rated detail-rich narratives similarly, demonstrating that…
Successful detection of verbal and visual concealed knowledge using an RT-based paradigm
Both verbal and visual stimulus modalities produced equivalent detection accuracy, with face pictures achieving 91% hit rates and 3% false-alarm…
Training to Detect Deception: No Improvement with Training or Feedback
Showed that neither training nor feedback improved human deception detection significantly. Individual differences in detection ability were minimal, further supporting…
See no lies, hear no lies: Differences in discrimination accuracy and response bias when watching or listening to police suspect interviews
Officers listening to audio-only interviews achieved significantly higher accuracy (60%) than those watching audio-visual presentations (47%). Exposure to visual cues…
Silent talker: a new computer-based system for the analysis of facial cues to deception
The Silent Talker system achieved 74% accuracy (p < 0.001) classifying individual deceptive responses and 80% accuracy (p = 0.035)…
Paraverbal indicators of deception: a meta-analytic synthesis
Only 2 of 9 paraverbal speech behaviors showed reliable associations with deception in weighted analyses. Small effect sizes and substantial…
Language of lies in prison: Linguistic classification of inmates' truthful and deceptive natural language
Automated linguistic analysis achieved 69.7-71.1% accuracy in classifying prisoner statements, with software showing unbiased criteria while human judges (especially younger…
Children report suggested events even when interviewed in a non‐suggestive manner: what are its implications for credibility assessment?
CBCA criteria showed few significant differences between true and fictitious statements after repeated suggestive interviews, with experts unable to reliably…
Repeated interrogations: Verbal and non-verbal cues to deception
Liars displayed significantly fewer smiles, self-manipulations, pauses, and less gaze aversion than truth-tellers, with these differences increasing over time. Contrary…
Telling and detecting lies in a high-stake situation: the case of a convicted murderer
Police officers showed 70% accuracy detecting truthful statements but only 57% accuracy detecting lies in authentic high-stakes scenarios, and officers…
The Cognitive Interview and Lie Detection: a New Magnifying Glass for Sherlock Holmes?
Truthful narrations contained more contextual and sensorial information than deceptive narrations, with significantly larger differences when participants were interviewed using…
Lay persons' and police officers' beliefs regarding deceptive behaviour
Police officers and lay people held equally inaccurate beliefs about deceptive behavior, with both groups overestimating the reliability of eye…
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