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Gordon H. Barland
Field validity studies of polygraph techniques and counterintelligence screening
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About Gordon H. Barland
Gordon H. Barland, Ph.D., earned his master's and doctoral degrees from the Department of Psychology at the University of Utah, where both his master's and doctoral research focused on the accuracy of the polygraph. He graduated with honors from the federal polygraph school which was the forerunner of the Department of Defense Polygraph Institute. For fourteen years (1986 through 2000) Dr. Barland worked at the Department of Defense Polygraph Institute (DoDPI), where he taught countermeasures, conducted research, and provided operational support to various federal agencies. He also served annual two week tours of active duty with the polygraph office of the Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) prior to his retirement as a Lt. Colonel from the Army Reserve. He has examined hundreds of criminal suspects at the request of defense attorneys, police agencies, and prosecutors.
Dr. Barland's most influential contributions to polygraph science came through his pioneering field validity studies conducted with David C. Raskin. Their 1975 study "An evaluation of field techniques in detection of deception" was published in Psychophysiology and evaluated field techniques using a mock crime situation with 36 "guilty" and 36 "innocent" subjects in a zone comparison control-question polygraph examination. His landmark 1976 report "Validity and Reliability of Polygraph Examinations of Criminal Suspects" (Report No. 76-1) was funded by the National Institute of Justice and became one of the most frequently cited validation studies in polygraph literature. Dr. Barland's research on counterintelligence screening was also significant—his validation studies of the Counterintelligence Screening Test (CIST) in 1981 and 1985 helped establish protocols for security screening examinations. His 1989 study with Honts and Barger on "Studies of the Accuracy of Security Screening Polygraph Examinations" represented the largest research effort on polygraph screening at that time.
Based upon his research, he developed a 40 hour course on polygraph countermeasures and how to detect them, and prior to his retirement from DoDPI, he was the Federal Government's primary authority on polygraph countermeasures. Dr. Barland taught psychology and physiology at numerous polygraph schools, including DoDPI, the Backster School of Lie Detection, the University of Houston polygraph course, the Southwest School of Polygraph, and the Canadian Police College in Ottawa, and has presented polygraph instruction at the FBI Academy, CIA, National Security Agency, U.S. Secret Service, and for the Mexican Government. He has testified as an expert witness in over thirty state, federal and military courts. His work with David C. Raskin established them as one of the most influential research partnerships in the field during the 1970s and 1980s, with their research cited extensively in a polygraph bibliography that listed some 3,400 references.
He has published numerous articles in professional and scientific journals, and authored or co-authored two chapters in books on the polygraph. After retiring from DoDPI in 2000, he became an adjunct faculty member of the DoD Polygraph Institute and of the University of Virginia, and established a private practice in Salt Lake City, Utah specializing in polygraph examinations.
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Publications [12]
All peer-reviewed studies by Gordon H. Barland in our database.
Studies of the accuracy of security screening polygraph examinations
Security screening polygraphs showed disturbing asymmetry with 94.9% accuracy for innocent examinees but only 43.2% accuracy for guilty examinees, creating more false negatives than false positives. [002] 1989The validity of detection of deception for multiple issues
Guilty subjects were identified as deceptive to at least one crime 67% of the time (93% excluding inconclusives), but the study revealed examiners could not reliably identify which specific issues… [003] 1985 • MILITARY FIELD STUDY Security Support Battalion, 902nd Military Intelligence Group, Fort Meade, MDA Validation and Reliability Study of Counterintelligence Screening Tests
US military study of polygraph screening test validity. Found significantly better than chance detection rates for counterintelligence screening, though with higher inconclusive rates than specific-issue tests. [004] 1985 • ESTIMATION METHOD Proceedings of IDENTA, 1985, 142–147A Method of Estimating the Accuracy of Individual Control Question Polygraph Tests
Proposed an innovative method for estimating individual test accuracy from physiological response magnitudes. Laid groundwork for confidence-based polygraph decision reporting. [005] IDENTIFIED BY OTA (1983) • 10 KEY FIELD STUDIES Various journals (1960s–1980s)OTA-Qualifying Field Studies of CQT Validity
The 10 field studies identified by the Office of Technology Assessment as meeting minimum scientific standards. Together, they showed: false positive rates ranging from 0–75% (avg 19.1%) and false negative… [006] 1981 902nd Military Intelligence GroupA Validation and Reliability Study of the Counterintelligence Screening Test
The study provided the first scientific validation of directed lie control questions and the CIST format under controlled conditions. [007] 1976 Report No. 76-1, U.S. Department of Justice (LEAA)Validity and Reliability of Polygraph Examinations of Criminal Suspects
One of the earliest rigorous field studies of the CQT with criminal suspects. Established baseline accuracy data that would be referenced in every subsequent government review. Demonstrated that field-condition polygraph… [008] 1976 • FOUNDATIONAL ANALOG Book ChaptersPolygraph Validity and Reliability: A Review
Major review of laboratory and field studies establishing empirical support for polygraph validity. Identified key factors affecting accuracy and proposed standards for practice. [009] 1975 PsychophysiologyAn Evaluation of Field Techniques in Detection of Deception
The study achieved 81% correct classification excluding inconclusives. Electrodermal (skin resistance) measures proved most discriminating, followed by cardiovascular and respiration. Blind evaluations by five examiners showed high agreement with a… [010] 1974 Journal of the Acoustical Society of AmericaUse of Voice Changes in the Detection of Deception
[011] 1973 Psychological ResearchDetection of Deception in Electrodermal Activity
Electrodermal activity was identified as the most sensitive physiological parameter for deception detection, with differential increases in skin conductance and skin potential serving as valid criteria of deception. [012] 1972 Department of Psychology, University of UtahAn experimental study of field techniques in lie detection
The zone comparison control question technique successfully differentiated guilty from innocent subjects, with electrodermal (skin conductance) measures proving to be the most accurate indicator of deception in both laboratory and…Explore all research.
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