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HomePolygraph ResearchResearchers › Frank S. Horvath

Researcher file

Frank S. Horvath

Polygraph validity, field studies of the Comparison Question Test, and credibility assessment technologies

21Studies
1971–2022Active period
24Co-authors
10Research areas
8Journals

Researcher record

NameFrank S. Horvath
AffiliationMichigan State University, School of Criminal JusticeUnited States
Publications21 peer-reviewed studies in this database
Active period1971–2022
Research focusPolygraph validity, field studies of the Comparison Question Test, and credibility assessment technologies

About Frank S. Horvath

Frank S. Horvath is affiliated with the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University, where he has conducted extensive research on polygraph testing and credibility assessment. He served as Director of the APA's Research Center in Detection of Deception at Michigan State University and as a Past President of the American Polygraph Association. He also held the position of Chief Scientific Officer for the Department of Defense Polygraph Institute. His career in polygraph research began in the early 1970s with foundational studies conducted in collaboration with John E. Reid, where he was licensed as a polygraph examiner in the State of Illinois and was a Charter Member of the American Polygraph Association.

Horvath's research contributions span over five decades and have significantly shaped modern polygraph science. His early work established crucial benchmarks for the field, including reliability studies of polygraph examiner diagnosis (1971) and investigations into variables affecting interpretation of polygraph records (1977). He conducted landmark field validity studies of the Comparison Question Test (CQT) in the early 1980s, which were influential in assessments by the Office of Technology Assessment. His research extended to pre-employment polygraph screening (PEPS) for law enforcement agencies, and he co-authored studies on technology development for credibility assessment. More recently, he has contributed important historical analyses of the polygraph's development, particularly examining Chicago's role as the birthplace of modern polygraphy and documenting the evolution of testing techniques over a hundred years.

Horvath has received numerous honors from the American Polygraph Association, including the John E. Reid Memorial Award in 1993, the Leonarde Keeler Award in both 1984 and 1986, and the Distinguished Member Award in 2013. He served on the advisory panel for the Office of Technology Assessment's influential review of polygraph validity as Associate Professor at Michigan State University's School of Criminal Justice. Throughout his career, he collaborated extensively with leading figures in the field, including John E. Reid, David C. Raskin, Gordon H. Barland, Stanley M. Slowik, and numerous Department of Defense researchers. He served as an Associate Editor for the journal Polygraph, contributing to the dissemination of research in the field.

Horvath's work bridges academic criminal justice research with practical applications in law enforcement and national security. His studies have examined not only the technical aspects of polygraph instrumentation and scoring but also broader issues such as the use of polygraph testing in applicant screening, the behavioral analysis interview, and cross-cultural considerations in polygraph use. His 2022 publication warning about social intolerance in polygraph testing demonstrates his continued engagement with ethical and international dimensions of credibility assessment well into the 21st century.

Research methodology profile

Laboratory · 8 Survey · 2 Randomized · 1 Field Study · 1

Research areas

Foundational & Historical Research 6 Legal & Policy Studies 2 Laboratory & Analog Studies 2 Field Validity Studies 2 Voice Stress Analysis 2 Neuroimaging & New Technologies 1 Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection 1 Screening & Personnel Security 1 Government Scientific Reviews 1 Training, Standards & Professional Practice 1

Co-author network

Researchers who have co-authored studies with Frank S. Horvath.

Publications [21]

All peer-reviewed studies by Frank S. Horvath in our database.

[001] 2022 European Polygraph

Polygraph Testing and Social Intolerance: A Warning to Examiners Outside of the United States

Testing applicants for social intolerance represents a dangerous expansion from behavioral screening to thought-screening that could encourage efforts to prohibit polygraph testing internationally. Legal & Policy Studies
[002] 2021 American Polygraph Association Magazine

Social Intolerance: A Dangerous and Mistaken Approach to Polygraph Testing for Positions of Trust: Response to Nelson and Handler

Testing for social intolerance is highly objectionable and likely to encourage efforts to prohibit polygraph testing, especially internationally, with concerns about increased false positives/negatives and potential legislative backlash similar to… Legal & Policy Studies Survey
[003] 2020 European Polygraph

A Hundred Years of Polygraphy: Some Primary Changes and Related Issues

Horvath identified several primary transformations that fundamentally altered the trajectory of the polygraph profession from its origins in early 20th century American law enforcement to its current international status. Foundational & Historical Research
[004] 2019 European Polygraph

Chicago: Where Polygraph Becomes a Science

Chicago became the epicenter for polygraph innovation through the convergence of academic institutions, progressive criminal justice reforms, and pioneering practitioners, with John Reid's development of the Comparison Question Technique addressing… Foundational & Historical Research
[005] 2019 European Polygraph

Chicago: Birthplace of Modern Polygraphy

Chicago served as the birthplace of modern polygraphy through the development of standardized examination techniques and professional practices. The city's contributions established the foundational methodologies still used in contemporary polygraph… Foundational & Historical Research
[006] 2009 European Polygraph

Development of Technologies and Test Formats for Credibility Assessment

The paper likely presented validation data for novel technological approaches including thermal imaging systems and computerized scoring methods that could supplement or enhance traditional polygraph instrumentation. Neuroimaging & New Technologies Laboratory
[007] 2008 European Polygraph

The Behavioral Analysis Interview: Clarifying the Practice, Theory and Understanding of its Use and Effectiveness

The landmark 1994 field study demonstrated 91% accuracy on truthful suspects and 80% accuracy on deceptive suspects when trained evaluators used the BAI with actual criminal suspects, though the authors… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory
[008] 2008 Journal of Forensic Sciences

Effect of two types of control questions and two question formats on the outcomes of polygraph examinations

Nonexclusive control questions achieved significantly higher accuracy rates (85% for guilty, 91% for innocent) compared to exclusive time-bar control questions (χ² = 11.46, p = 0.003), with no differences between… Laboratory & Analog Studies Laboratory Randomized
[009] 2008 Journal of Forensic Sciences

Review of: Gatekeeper: Memoirs of a CIA Polygraph Examiner

Sullivan's memoir documents his role conducting more polygraph tests than anyone in CIA history, discovering double agents and security threats while arguing that polygraph is more cost-effective than background investigations… Foundational & Historical Research
[010] 1995

A national survey of practices, policies and evaluative comments on the use of pre-employment polygraph screening in police agencies in the United States

Among large U.S. police agencies, 62% utilized pre-employment polygraph screening, rejecting approximately 25% of applicants based on information not uncovered through other screening methods. Agencies reported uncovering admissions to serious… Screening & Personnel Security Survey
[011] 1993 Criminal Justice Review

Book Review: Theories and Applications in the Detection of Deception

[012] IDENTIFIED BY OTA (1983) • 10 KEY FIELD STUDIES Various journals (1960s–1980s)

OTA-Qualifying Field Studies of CQT Validity

The 10 field studies identified by the Office of Technology Assessment as meeting minimum scientific standards. Together, they showed: false positive rates ranging from 0–75% (avg 19.1%) and false negative… Government Scientific Reviews
[013] 1982 Journal of Applied Psychology

Field Validity Study of CQT

One of ten field studies meeting OTA minimum scientific standards. Provided accuracy data from real criminal investigations that contributed to the overall evidence base for CQT validity. Field Validity Studies Field Study
[014] 1982 Journal of Forensic Sciences

Detecting Deception: The Promise and the Reality of Voice Stress Analysis

Without exception, scientific evidence showed voice stress analyzers were not effective in detecting deception, with none achieving detection rates above chance levels in controlled situations. Evidence for vocal microtremors was… Voice Stress Analysis Laboratory
[015] 1979 Journal of Applied Psychology

Effect of different motivational instructions on detection of deception with the Psychological Stress Evaluator and the galvanic skin response

[016] 1978 Journal of Forensic Sciences

An Experimental Investigation of the Relative Validity and Utility of the Polygraph Technique and Three Other Common Methods of Criminal Identification

Polygraph testing achieved the highest accuracy with 18 of 20 correct decisions (90%), 1 incorrect decision (5%), and 1 inconclusive (5%), outperforming eyewitness identification, fingerprints, and handwriting analysis under comparable… Laboratory & Analog Studies Laboratory
[017] 1978 Journal of Applied Psychology

An experimental comparison of the Psychological Stress Evaluator and the galvanic skin response in detection of deception

The PSE showed detection accuracy at chance levels with interrater reliability of only .38, while GSR achieved .92 reliability and exceeded chance-level accuracy. The PSE was found highly unreliable and… Voice Stress Analysis Laboratory
[018] 1977 Journal of Applied Psychology

The effects of selected variables on interpretation of polygraph records

Blind chart evaluators achieved only 63.3% accuracy on police cases when denied access to special charts available to original examiners, significantly below accuracy rates reported in private polygraph firm studies… Field Validity Studies
[019] 1977 • CLASSIC Journal of Applied Psychology

The Effect of Selected Variables on Interpretation of Polygraph Records

Examined factors affecting polygraph chart interpretation including examiner experience. Found that trained examiners achieved significantly higher accuracy than untrained raters, emphasizing the importance of professional training. Training, Standards & Professional Practice Laboratory
[020] 1972 The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science

The Polygraph Silent Answer Test

The Silent Answer Test produced better respiratory reactions and more reliable chart quality by reducing objectionable movements from verbal responses. The method became widely adopted as a diagnostic tool to… Foundational & Historical Research Laboratory
[021] 1971 • CLASSIC Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

The Reliability of Polygraph Examiner Diagnosis of Truth and Deception

Seminal reliability study examining agreement among polygraph examiners interpreting the same charts. Found high inter-rater reliability for experienced examiners using structured scoring methods. Foundational & Historical Research

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