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HomePolygraph ResearchResearchers › Benjamin L. Blalock

Researcher file

Benjamin L. Blalock

Empirical scoring systems and standardization of polygraph test data analysis

9Studies
2008–2020Active period
3Co-authors
3Research areas
3Journals

Researcher record

NameBenjamin L. Blalock
AffiliationPEAK Credibility Assessment Training CenterUnited States
Publications9 peer-reviewed studies in this database
Active period2008–2020
Research focusEmpirical scoring systems and standardization of polygraph test data analysis

About Benjamin L. Blalock

Benjamin "Ben" Blalock founded PEAK Credibility Assessment Training Center and began his career as a polygraph examiner in 2005. He trained at the National Center for Credibility Assessment and International Academy of Polygraph, and holds a Master's level education, is a federally trained examiner and interrogator, and is a former military member. He became the director of the International Academy of Polygraph in 2009, then served as director and chief instructor for Academy of Polygraph Science from 2011 until 2016 when he partnered with Lafayette Instrument Company to open PEAK. His work has been characterized as advancing evidence-based polygraph practices grounded in scientific research.

Blalock's research contributions focus primarily on scoring systems and test data analysis for polygraph examinations. His landmark 2009 study "A replication and validation study on an empirically based manual scoring system" (with Cushman & Nelson) in Polygraph helped validate the Empirical Scoring System (ESS), demonstrating that inexperienced examiners using this standardized method could achieve decision accuracy equivalent to experienced examiners. His 2016 work "Extended analysis of Senter, Waller and Krapohl's USAF MGQT examination data with the Empirical Scoring System and the Objective Scoring System" (with Nelson) further validated these analytical approaches. He has contributed extensively to research on comparison question procedures, including studies on probable lie and directed lie comparison questions.

Blalock published his first article in polygraph in 2008 and has since published over 30 articles and papers regarding best practices in polygraph. He is a prolific collaborator with Raymond Nelson and Barry Cushman, forming one of the field's most productive research teams focused on standardizing polygraph methodology. He serves as an Associate Editor for the journal Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment. His professional memberships span numerous national and international polygraph associations, and he is widely recognized as a frequent presenter at state, national, and international polygraph conferences.

Research areas

Scoring & Test Data Analysis 6 Sex Offender Management (PCSOT) 2 Foundational & Historical Research 1

Co-author network

Researchers who have co-authored studies with Benjamin L. Blalock.

Publications [9]

All peer-reviewed studies by Benjamin L. Blalock in our database.

[001] 2020 Polygraph

A Discussion of PLC and DLC Question Procedure and Ironic Process Theory

The paper introduces Ironic Process Theory to polygraph science, suggesting that the conscious effort to lie when directed paradoxically increases cognitive salience and physiological arousal. Research consensus shows little difference… Foundational & Historical Research
[002] 2019 APA Magazine

Practical Polygraph: How to Parse Categorical Results for Test Questions of Diagnostic and Screening Polygraphs

For diagnostic examinations, the Grand Total Rule should be used when all relevant questions address the same issue, while for screening examinations, the Subtotal Score Rule is appropriate when relevant… Scoring & Test Data Analysis
[003] 2019 Poligrafia

How To: A Step-by-Step Worksheet for the Multinomial ESS

The paper provides comprehensive implementation tools including a structured ESS-M Analysis Worksheet, multinomial reference tables for various test formats (3-5 iterations of 2-4 relevant questions), and step-by-step procedures for calculating… Scoring & Test Data Analysis
[004] 2016 • ESS EXTENDED ANALYSIS Polygraph

Extended Analysis with ESS and OSS-3 on USAF-MGQT Examination Data

Applied ESS and OSS-3 to USAF examination data. Found ESS component weighting achieved superior diagnostic extraction compared to simpler three-position scoring models. Scoring & Test Data Analysis
[005] 2011 Polygraph

Criterion validity of the Empirical Scoring System and the Objective Scoring System, version 3 with the USAF Modified General Question Technique

Manual ESS achieved 88.2% unweighted accuracy, automated ESS achieved 89.7%, and the OSS-3 computer algorithm reached 90.2% correct decisions, with Pearson correlations between scoring models exceeding r = .93 and… Scoring & Test Data Analysis
[006] 2011 Polygraph

Reliability of the Empirical Scoring System with expert examiners

Fleiss kappa of .61 (95% CI: .54–.68) indicated substantial inter-rater agreement on numerical scores, while mean decision agreement reached 95.4% excluding inconclusive results, significantly exceeding chance. Scoring & Test Data Analysis
[007] 2009 Polygraph

Focused polygraph technique for PCSOT and law enforcement screening programs

The paper proposes a standardized DLST format with two neutral questions, one sacrifice relevant question, two separate relevant questions, and two directed-lie comparison questions, with standardized pretest procedures and question… Sex Offender Management (PCSOT)
[008] 2009 • ESS REPLICATION Polygraph

A Replication and Validation Study on an Empirically Based Manual Scoring System

Replicated ESS validation with independent sample of confirmed cases. Results consistent with original validation studies, supporting reliability of the scoring method. Scoring & Test Data Analysis
[009] 2008 Polygraph

A focused polygraph technique for PCSOT and law enforcement screening programs

The authors argue that the DLST, derived from validated TES research (98% accuracy for innocent and 83.3% for guilty examinees in laboratory studies), can serve as an effective initial screening… Sex Offender Management (PCSOT)

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