Aldert Vrij

[001] 2025 Behavioral Sciences

The Segmented Interview: Partitioning the Initial Free Recall Topics into Segments to Enhance Information Gathering and Lie Detection

[002] 2024 Body Language Communication

Lie Detection and Nonverbal Behaviour: Present and Future

Meta-analyses show that of 50 nonverbal and verbal cues examined, only 28% showed significant relationships with deception, with small average effect sizes (d = .25). Verbal cues are typically more… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis Laboratory [003] 2023 The Oxford Handbook of Psychology and Law

The Present and Future of Verbal Lie Detection

Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE) showed the strongest empirical support among modern protocols, while all four received validation for discriminating truth tellers from lie tellers. Research concentration within few laboratories… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis [004] 2022 Psychiatry Psychology and Law

How researchers can make verbal lie detection more attractive for practitioners

The paper proposes focusing on "complications" (clusters of details that make stories more complex) as a practical real-time alternative to counting total details, and recommends effective verbal baselining that controls… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis [005] 2021

Verbal cues to deceit when lying through omitting information: Examining the effect of a Model Statement interview protocol

Truth tellers consistently reported more complications than lie tellers across omission scenarios, while lie tellers provided more total details than truth tellers—a pattern opposite to fabrication-based deception. Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [006] 2021 Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law

A within-statement baseline comparison for detecting lies

Within-statement baseline comparisons did not improve lie detection accuracy, with performance remaining at chance levels regardless of whether participants received baseline instructions. Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [007] 2021 Criminal Investigations of Sexual Offenses

Lie Detection in Sex Crime Investigations

Modern verbal lie detection protocols show substantial effect sizes, with statement-evidence consistency achieving d = 1.89, and active interviewing techniques that ask unanticipated questions, request verifiable details, and impose cognitive… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis Laboratory [008] 2021 Psichologija

Mnemonic Techniques and Lie Detection: Accuracy of Truth and Deception Judgments in Repeated Accounts

Observers given explicit instruction about diagnostic memory-based cues (detail richness and memory decay patterns) showed no improvement in deception detection accuracy compared to uninformed participants, who continued relying on stereotypical… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [009] 2021 Acta Psychologica

The effects of sketching while narrating on information elicitation and deception detection in multiple interviews

[010] 2021 Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

Deception and lie detection in the courtroom: The effect of defendants wearing medical face masks.

[011] 2020 Reviewing Crime Psychology

A review of the collective interviewing approach to detecting deception in pairs

[012] 2020 Reviewing Crime Psychology

Systematic errors (biases) in applying verbal lie detection tools: richness in detail as a test case

[013] 2020 Acta Psychologica

Applying the verifiability approach to deception detection in alibi witness situations

Truth-telling pairs provided significantly more checkable details demonstrating they were together than lying pairs, while lying pairs provided more uncheckable details. Collective statements enhanced the production of verifiable details for… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [014] 2020 Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Deception detection in repeated interviews: The effects of immediate type of questioning on the delayed accounts

Differences between truth-tellers and liars were slightly larger when comprehensive 'report everything' instructions were used in the initial interview compared to spatial questioning, suggesting that eliciting complete initial accounts enhances… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [015] 2020 Applied Cognitive Psychology

Detecting smugglers: Identifying strategies and behaviours in individuals in possession of illicit objects

Observer detection of smugglers was remarkably poor with accuracy rates of 48% and 39.2% in two experiments, despite smugglers actually experiencing significantly more nervousness than non-smugglers. Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [016] 2020 Legal and Criminological Psychology

Verbal cues to deceit when lying through omitting information

Truth tellers reported more complications than lie tellers after Model Statement exposure, but no significant difference emerged for total details — an atypical finding suggesting omission lies may reveal different… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [017] 2020 Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Complications travel: A cross-cultural comparison of the proportion of complication as a verbal cue to deceit

Complications emerged as a cross-culturally stable cue to truthfulness across Russian, Hispanic, and Korean samples, with truth-tellers consistently providing more complications than liars. In contrast, total details showed cultural variability… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [018] 2019 Applied Cognitive Psychology

Deception and truth detection when analyzing nonverbal and verbal cues

Observers achieve only 52% accuracy when viewing nonverbal behavior alone versus 63% when hearing verbal content. Meta-analyses show that of 50 nonverbal cues examined, only 14 (28%) showed significant relationships… Meta-Analyses & Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis [019] 2019 PLOS ONE

Lie prevalence, lie characteristics and strategies of self-reported good liars

Self-reported good liars tell more lies per day, with nearly 40% of all lies told by a few prolific liars. Good liars strategically embed lies into truthful information, keep statements… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Survey [020] 2019 Annual Review of Psychology

Reading Lies: Nonverbal Communication and Deception

Only 14 of 50 nonverbal cues (28%) showed significant relationships with deception, with effect sizes typically small (largest d = -0.55). People achieve only 54% accuracy in lie-truth judgments, barely… Meta-Analyses & Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis Systematic Review [021] 2018

Using the model statement to elicit verbal differences between truth tellers and liars: The benefit of examining core and peripheral details

After exposure to a model statement, liars reported significantly more peripheral details than truth tellers, while both groups provided similar amounts of core details. This core-peripheral distinction revealed deception cues… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [022] 2018 Journal of Tort Law

Evaluating Credibility of Witnesses – are We Instructing Jurors on Invalid Factors?

Meta-analytic evidence demonstrates that people achieve only 54% accuracy in lie-truth judgments (compared to 50% chance), nonverbal cues show weak effect sizes (d = .25), and commonly believed deception indicators… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis [023] 2018 Detecting Concealed Information and Deception

Verbal Lie Detection Tools From an Applied Perspective

[024] 2018 Applied Cognitive Psychology

Automated Verbal Credibility Assessment of Intentions: The Model Statement Technique and Predictive Modeling

Machine learning classification achieved 80% accuracy in initial testing but dropped to 63% in independent validation, with liars paradoxically including more person and location references than truth-tellers. AI & Machine Learning in Deception Detection Laboratory [025] 2018 Legal and Criminological Psychology

A re-analysis that supports our main results: A reply to Levine et al.

The three criticisms were systematically refuted: cell-averaging does not constitute statistical confounding; control condition accuracy rates were not aberrant when compared to published benchmarks; and the correlation between supposedly unreliable… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis [026] 2018 Legal and Criminological Psychology

Within-subjects verbal lie detection measures: A comparison between total detail and proportion of complications

Proportion of complications significantly differentiated truth-tellers from liars in the post-model statement phase, proving more diagnostic than total detail count when combined with the model statement interview technique. Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [027] 2018 Legal and Criminological Psychology

Cross-cultural verbal deception

Cultural cues overshadowed deception cues across all measures. While truth tellers provided more details than liars in all three cultures, the effect was significantly stronger for British (low-context) participants than… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [028] 2017 Hostile Intent and Counter-Terrorism

Deception Detection in Counter-terrorism

[029] 2017 Oxford Scholarship Online

Nonverbal Detection of Deception

Nonverbal cues to deception are faint and unreliable, with popular indicators like gaze aversion showing near-zero effect sizes (d = 0.03). Only 28% of studied cues show significant relationships with… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis [030] 2017 Acta Psychologica

Insurance based lie detection: Enhancing the verifiability approach with a model statement component

Adding a Model Statement to the Verifiability Approach increased lie detection accuracy from 65% to 90% in insurance claim scenarios. Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [031] 2017 Acta Psychologica

Using the Model Statement to elicit information and cues to deceit in interpreter-based interviews

The Model Statement successfully restored information yield in interpreter-mediated interviews to levels comparable with direct interviews. Verbal deception cues remained diagnostically valid across interpreter conditions, with truth tellers providing more… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [032] 2017 Psychology and Law in Europe

Verbal Lie Detection

Meta-analyses show CBCA discriminates truth from lies with effect sizes of d = 0.55 (adults) and d = 0.78 (children). The Verifiability Approach achieves approximately 70% accuracy with moderate effect… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis Laboratory [033] 2017 The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Tracking the truth: the effect of face familiarity on eye fixations during deception

Eye tracking successfully detected concealed recognition with large effect sizes for personally known faces (d = 0.9) and moderate effects for celebrities (d = 0.5), but minimal effects for newly… Neuroimaging & New Technologies Laboratory [034] 2016 Cheating, corruption, and concealment: The roots of dishonest behavior

A cognitive approach to elicit nonverbal and verbal cues of deceit

The cognitive approach produces superior detection accuracy (71% total detection) compared to traditional passive observation methods (56%), with techniques including reverse order recall, model statements, and unanticipated questions effectively amplifying… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [035] 2016 Frontiers in Psychology

Scientific Content Analysis (SCAN) cannot distinguish between truthful and fabricated accounts of a negative event

[036] 2016 Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Train the Trainers: A First Step towards a Science‐Based Cognitive Lie Detection Training Workshop Delivered by a Practitioner

Training produced modest improvements in deception detection accuracy and significantly improved questioning strategies. However, trainees showed variable implementation of techniques, and challenges emerged in translating learned methods into practice during… Training, Standards & Professional Practice [037] 2016 Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

Which lie detection tools are ready for use in the criminal justice system?

Arousal-based techniques (BAI and CQT) fall short on numerous criteria despite widespread use. Cognitive approaches show more promise: Strategic Use of Evidence and encouraging interviewees to elaborate are ready for… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Peer-Reviewed [038] 2016 Applied Cognitive Psychology

Baselining as a lie detection method

[039] 2016 PLoS ONE

Strong, but wrong: lay people's and police officers' beliefs about verbal and nonverbal cues to deception

Both police officers and lay people endorsed stereotypical but non-diagnostic nonverbal cues (gaze aversion, movement) as deception indicators, with no significant professional advantage. Beliefs about verbal cues from credibility assessment… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis Survey [040] 2015 APA handbook of forensic psychology, Vol. 2: Criminal investigation, adjudication, and sentencing outcomes.

Deception detection.

Statement Validity Analysis achieves approximately 70% accuracy while SCAN shows no diagnostic value. Verbal cues are more diagnostic than nonverbal behaviors, and cognitive load techniques that ask unanticipated questions show… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [041] 2015 Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

Saccadic eye movement rate as a cue to deceit

Participants displayed significantly fewer saccades when telling the truth than when lying (F(2,28) = 80.55, p < .001, η² = .85), with a difference in eye movement rate of 0.13… Neuroimaging & New Technologies Laboratory [042] 2015 Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

Detecting Deception: Current Challenges and Cognitive Approaches

Cognitive approaches successfully detected simulation across multiple clinical domains by examining knowledge accuracy and strategic behavior patterns. Detection success depends on the extent of the deceiver's knowledge about the condition… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection [043] 2015 Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

Translating theory into practice: Evaluating a cognitive lie detection training workshop.

Training resulted in modest improvements in distinguishing truths from lies and significantly increased the percentage of appropriate questions asked. When detectives successfully implemented the taught techniques, information elicitation was enhanced,… Training, Standards & Professional Practice Laboratory [044] 2015 International Journal of Psychophysiology

The protection of innocent suspects: a comment on Palmatier and Rovner (2015)

The commentary argues that CQT and CIT differ fundamentally in how they protect innocent suspects, with this difference representing a critical gap in attempts to create unified polygraph theory. Foundational & Historical Research [045] 2015 Psychology, Crime & Law

Problems in expert deception detection and the risk of false confessions: no proof to the contrary in Levine et al. (2014)

The paper concludes that Levine et al.'s findings do not demonstrate genuine expertise in deception detection, as the experimental design made the task unrealistically easy and failed to adequately address… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [046] 2014 Interpersonal Communication

14. Detecting lies and deceit: Pitfalls and opportunities in nonverbal and verbal lie detection

Human lie detection accuracy averages only 54% correct, with 75% of 158 examined cues showing no association with deception. Police and other professionals over-rely on unreliable nonverbal cues while neglecting… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis [047] 2014 Applied Cognitive Psychology

The verifiability approach: Countermeasures facilitate its ability to discriminate between truths and lies

When forewarned about verifiability checking, truth-tellers provided significantly more verifiable details than liars (d = 1.14), demonstrating that the Verifiability Approach is resistant to countermeasures and actually benefits from transparency… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [048] 2014 Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Using an Example Statement Increases Information but Does Not Increase Accuracy of CBCA, RM, and SCAN

CBCA and RM showed discriminative validity between truth and lies, but SCAN did not. Providing a detailed example statement increased statement length but failed to enhance discrimination accuracy for any… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [049] 2014 Detecting Deception

Discriminating between True and False Intentions

[050] 2014 Detecting Deception

Verbal Lie Detection Tools

[051] 2013 Applied Issues in Investigative Interviewing, Eyewitness Memory, and Credibility Assessment

Does Testimonial Inconsistency Indicate Memory Inaccuracy and Deception? Beliefs, Empirical Research, and Theory

The chapter demonstrates that inconsistency is the most often cited reason for discrediting witnesses, yet this reliance is scientifically problematic: memory research shows truthful recollections naturally vary, while deception research… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory Survey [052] 2013 • COGNITIVE LOAD Legal and Criminological Psychology

Imposing Cognitive Load to Detect Deception: A Meta-Analysis

Meta-analysis finding that imposing cognitive load increased accuracy of deception detection from 56% to 71%. Supported theoretical models underlying both polygraph and behavioral detection approaches. Meta-Analyses & Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis [053] 2013 Applied Cognitive Psychology

Sorting the liars from the truth tellers: The benefits of asking unanticipated questions

Liars' verbal responses showed a greater decline in details across three of four question pairs when shifting from anticipated to unanticipated questions, and liars sorted significantly fewer objects per minute… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [054] 2013 Legal and Criminological Psychology

Two heads are better than one? How to effectively use two interviewers to elicit cues to deception

Truth tellers provided significantly more detail than liars only in the supportive second interviewer condition, despite participants looking at the second interviewer less than 10% of the time. Liars displayed… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [055] 2012 PsycEXTRA Dataset

'Erm... What did I tell the other guy?' Using inconsistency to detect deception

Results supported the hypotheses: truth-telling pairs interrupted each other more, corrected each other more, and added more information to each other's answers compared to lying pairs, reflecting genuine transactive memory… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [056] 2012 PsycEXTRA Dataset

Windows of the Soul? Deliberate Eye Contact and Deception

Liars displayed significantly more deliberate eye contact than truth tellers, whereas the amount of gaze aversion did not differ between truthful and deceptive participants, suggesting liars strategically use eye contact… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Field Study [057] 2012 Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

Eliciting cues to deception and truth: What matters are the questions asked

The paper presents a conceptual framework proposing that researchers should focus on interview protocols that actively create differences between liars and truth-tellers rather than searching for spontaneous behavioral cues. Three… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis [058] 2012 Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology

The Direction of Deception: Neuro-Linguistic Programming as a Lie Detection Tool

Only 9.7% of participants (3 out of 31) displayed the eye movement pattern predicted by NLP theory, a rate no better than chance. No conclusive evidence emerged linking specific eye… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [059] 2012 Journal of Nonverbal Behavior

Windows to the Soul? Deliberate Eye Contact as a Cue to Deceit

Liars displayed significantly more deliberate eye contact than truth tellers as an impression management strategy, whereas gaze aversion showed no difference between groups. This finding challenges the widely held belief… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection [060] 2012 PsycEXTRA Dataset

Using perception shifts to create unanticipated questions and to elicit cues to deception

Liars' verbal responses showed a greater decline in details across three out of four question pairs when comparing anticipated to unanticipated questions, and liars sorted significantly fewer objects per minute… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [061] 2011 Applied Cognitive Psychology

Detecting concealed information about person recognition

[062] 2011 Legal and Criminological Psychology

Using sketch drawing to induce inconsistency in liars

Liars showed significantly lower consistency between sketches and verbal reports than truth-tellers, with classification accuracy of 80-100% for truth-tellers and 70-77% for liars across two experiments. Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [063] 2011 Legal and Criminological Psychology

Using sketch-drawing to induce inconsistency in liars

Liars demonstrated significantly lower consistency between sketch drawings and verbal reports compared to truth-tellers, with correct classification rates of 70-100% across two experiments, substantially exceeding typical deception detection accuracy. Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [064] 2010 Psychological Science in the Public Interest

Pitfalls and Opportunities in Nonverbal and Verbal Lie Detection

[065] 2010 Psychology, Crime & Law

The occurrence of eye blinks during a guilty knowledge test

Eye blink suppression during crime-relevant questions successfully distinguished guilty from innocent participants with 76% overall accuracy, supporting the use of cognitive load-based ocular measures in the Concealed Information Test. Neuroimaging & New Technologies Laboratory [066] 2008 • META-ANALYSIS In Psychology and Law: Bridging the Gap, 219–237

A Meta-Analysis of the Comparison Question Polygraph Test: Moderator Effects

Reviewed the CQT research literature and found overall accuracy estimates above 85% across studies. Identified important moderator variables including examiner training, question format, and testing protocols. Meta-Analyses & Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis [067] 2008 Applied Cognitive Psychology

See no lies, hear no lies: Differences in discrimination accuracy and response bias when watching or listening to police suspect interviews

Officers listening to audio-only interviews achieved significantly higher accuracy (60%) than those watching audio-visual presentations (47%). Exposure to visual cues alone led to systematic lie bias, supporting the hypothesis that… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [068] 2008 Interpersonal Communication

Detecting Lies and Deceit: Pitfalls and Opportunities

Most widely-believed deception cues are unreliable, with 75% of examined cues showing no association with deception. Human lie-truth discrimination averages 54% accuracy, while Control Question Test polygraphs range from 74–89%… Meta-Analyses & Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis Neuroimaging [069] 2008 Journal of Nonverbal Behavior

Blinking During and After Lying

Liars displayed significantly decreased blink rates during deception followed by compensatory increases afterward, while truth tellers showed increased blink rates during the target period with no rebound effect—a striking behavioral… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection [070] 2008 Law and Human Behavior

Increasing cognitive load to facilitate lie detection: The benefit of recalling an event in reverse order

Liars interviewed in reverse chronological order were detected with 60% accuracy compared to 42% in forward order—a 42% improvement. Reverse order interviews produced amplified diagnostic cues including more speech hesitations,… Reaction Time & Cognitive Load Methods Laboratory [071] 2007 Law and Human Behavior

Cues to deception and ability to detect lies as a function of police interview styles

Accusatory interviews produced the fewest verbal cues to deceit and resulted in significantly more false accusations of innocent suspects compared to information-gathering interviews. Reality Monitoring distinguished truth-tellers from liars better… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [072] 2007 Applying Psychology to Criminal Justice

Credibility Assessments in a Legal Context

[073] 2007 Tall Tales about the Mind and BrainSeparating fact from fiction

The truth about deception

[074] 2006 Psychology, Crime & Law

Challenging interviewees during interviews: The potential effects on lie detection

The most significant behavioral differences between liars and truth tellers emerged in Phase 3 after returning to information-gathering style (η² = 0.49, p<0.01), supporting the Motivational Impairment Effect. Liars exhibited… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [075] 2006 The SAGE Handbook of Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal Communication and Deception

Only 28% of nonverbal cues showed any significant relationship with deception, with small average effect sizes (d = .25). People's lie detection accuracy averages just 54%, barely above chance, and… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis Systematic Review [076] 2006 Journal of Nonverbal Behavior

The impact of deception and suspicion on different hand movements

[077] 2006 Applied Cognitive Psychology

Police officers ability to detect deception in high stakes situations and in repeated lie detection tests

[078] 2006 Law and PsychologyCurrent Legal Issues Volume 9

Lie Detection Assessments as Evidence in Criminal Courts

The chapter concludes that neither the Control Question Test nor Statement Validity Analysis fully satisfy Daubert criteria for routine courtroom admissibility. While both detect deception at rates better than chance,… Legal & Policy Studies Meta-Analysis Laboratory [079] 2005 Law and Human Behavior

Detecting deception via strategic disclosure of evidence

Late disclosure of evidence improved overall detection accuracy to 61.7% compared to 42.9% for early disclosure. Deceptive statements were identified with 67.6% accuracy in the late disclosure condition, demonstrating the… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [080] 2004 The Detection of Deception in Forensic Contexts

Guidelines to catch a liar

Professional lie-catchers achieve only 56.6% accuracy in deception detection (barely above chance). The chapter provides fifteen evidence-based guidelines emphasizing systematic examination of combined behavioral, auditory, and speech content cues while… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Meta-Analysis [081] 2004 Police Quarterly

Police Officers’ Lie Detection Accuracy: Interrogating Freely Versus Observing Video

Police officers failed to detect deception better than chance in both conditions, with no accuracy advantage for active interrogation over passive observation. Interrogators showed a pronounced truth bias and relied… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [082] 2004 Applied Cognitive Psychology

Rapid judgements in assessing verbal and nonverbal cues: their potential for deception researchers and lie detection

[083] 2003

Prawo i psychologia. Wiarygodność zeznań i materiału dowodowego

The authors conclude that no perfect lie detection test exists and experts make regular errors, though detection methods can perform above chance level and may assist investigators in early stages… Foundational & Historical Research Laboratory [084] 2003 Malingering and illness deception

Deceptive responses and detecting deceit

[085] 2002 Law and Human Behavior

Will the truth come out? The effect of deception, age, status, coaching, and social skills on CBCA scores

CBCA scores discriminated truth from lies across age groups and roles, but only when liars were uninformed about CBCA criteria. When coached about the criteria, liars could produce statements indistinguishable… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [086] 2002 Law and Human Behavior

Suspects, lies and videotape: An analysis of authentic high-stakes liars

Suspects blinked less frequently and made longer pauses during deceptive statements compared to truthful statements, while maintaining equal eye contact in both conditions. These findings contradicted stereotypical beliefs that liars… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Field Study Laboratory [087] 2001 International Journal of Police Science and Management

The Effects of Varying Stake and Cognitive Complexity on Beliefs About the Cues to Deception

Police officers and students showed remarkably similar deception beliefs with no expertise advantage. While stake level influenced expected verbal behaviors in high-stakes scenarios, cognitive complexity produced no differences, suggesting people… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [088] 2001 Applied Cognitive Psychology

Telling and detecting lies in a high-stake situation: the case of a convicted murderer

Police officers showed 70% accuracy detecting truthful statements but only 57% accuracy detecting lies in authentic high-stakes scenarios, and officers relying on stereotypical deception cues (e.g., 'liars look away') performed… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection [089] 2001 Psychology, Crime & Law

Who killed my relative? Police officers' ability to detect real-life high-stake lies

Police officers performed no better than chance at detecting the high-stakes lies. Accuracy was unrelated to confidence, age, or professional experience, though experienced interviewers showed greater confidence without corresponding accuracy… Laboratory & Analog Studies [090] 2000 Journal of Nonverbal Behavior

Detecting Deceit via Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior

Nonverbal behavior alone correctly classified 78% of lies and truths. Even higher accuracy was achieved when all three detection techniques (nonverbal behavior, CBCA, and Reality Monitoring) were combined, with both… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [091] 2000 John Wiley & Sons

Detecting lies and deceit

[092] 2000 John Wiley & Sons

Detecting lies and deceit: The psychology of lying and implications for professional practice

Certain verbal characteristics (shorter responses, fewer self-references, indirect replies) are more consistently present in lies than honest accounts, but popular beliefs about how liars behave are largely mistaken, with no… Meta-Analyses & Systematic Reviews [093] 1996 Journal of Nonverbal Behavior

Lie experts' beliefs about nonverbal indicators of deception

Prisoners held more accurate beliefs about deception cues than professionals or students. 75% of professional lie detectors incorrectly believed gaze aversion indicates deception, and professionals wrongly believed deception increases rather… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Survey [094] 1996 Applied Cognitive Psychology

Lay persons' and police officers' beliefs regarding deceptive behaviour

Police officers and lay people held equally inaccurate beliefs about deceptive behavior, with both groups overestimating the reliability of eye contact aversion, hand/arm gestures, and speech disruptions as indicators of… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Survey [095] 1995 The Journal of Psychology

Behavioral Correlates of Deception in a Simulated Police Interview

Results showed a significant decrease in subtle hand and finger movements during deception compared to truth-telling, strongly supporting the behavioral control hypothesis that subjects attempt to control their behavior during… Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory [096] 1994 Journal of Nonverbal Behavior

The impact of information and setting on detection of deception by police detectives

The study systematically examined whether providing information about valid deception indicators, outcome feedback, spontaneous interview contexts, or baseline behavioral comparisons could improve police detectives' lie detection accuracy above chance levels. Verbal & Behavioral Deception Detection Laboratory