Polygraph Manufacturers
Not Sure Which Polygraph System Is Right for You?
We've helped over 50 examiners choose the right polygraph equipment for their practice — and we'll do the same for you, completely free. Our guidance is independent and impartial. We know every system on the market inside and out, and we share honest, real-world feedback from examiners who use them daily — not marketing brochures from manufacturers.
The Four Major Polygraph Manufacturers
LX6 Polygraph System
10-channel digital polygraph with superior Fischer quick-release connectors, medical-grade safety isolation, rugged textured enclosure, selectable GSR/GSC channel, dedicated PPG channel, and industry-leading EDA electronics. Compatible with LXSoftware and LXEdge.
ParagonX Pro (Limestone)
9-channel high-resolution system with premium connectors, high sampling rate, designated PPG channel, and integrated movement monitoring. Now part of the Lafayette family. Compatible with Polygraph Pro Suite software and LXEdge.
Lafayette Instrument Company — Revolutionizing Polygraph Technology with LX6 and ParagonX
In-depth review of Lafayette's flagship systems and the Limestone acquisition
Exploring the History of Lafayette Instrument
From Max Wastl's 1947 workshop to the global leader in polygraph manufacturing
LX6 Polygraph System — Precision, Reliability, and Future-Ready Design
Technical overview of the 10-channel LX6 system specifications and capabilities
LX7-S Polygraph System — Technical Overview for Professional Examiners
Professional examiner's guide to the LX7-S system features and specifications
The Evolution and Technological Advancements of LX4000 and LX5000 Polygraph Systems
How Lafayette's earlier systems paved the way for modern digital polygraph technology
Introducing the LX5000 Computerized Polygraph System
Technical introduction to the LX5000 system and its role in Lafayette's product line
The Lafayette OSS-3 — Enhancing Polygraph Accuracy with Advanced Algorithms
How the Objective Scoring System version 3 improves automated polygraph analysis
LXEdge Version 1.1.6.23 Released — Major Enhancements and Key Fixes for March 2025
Latest software update notes for Lafayette's next-generation LXEdge platform
Upgrade Your Practice with the LX6 Lease Program
Financing options and lease-to-own programs for Lafayette's flagship LX6 system
CPS Elite Series
Stoelting's most advanced polygraph hardware featuring built-in display, touchscreen alert system for countermeasure detection, Devagus motion artifact filters, and seamless integration with CPSpro Fusion software. Durable design ideal for field deployment and training environments.
CPSpro Fusion
Comprehensive polygraph software platform with dynamic question editor, advanced chart recorder, scientifically validated CPS scoring algorithm, multimedia stimulus support, customisable question templates, and secure chart archiving. Accepts imported data from Axciton, Lafayette, and Limestone systems.
The History of Stoelting Company — A Legacy in Polygraph Manufacturing
From 1886 origins to modern digital systems — Stoelting's pivotal role in polygraph history
Stoelting CPSpro Fusion Software
Complete review of Stoelting's comprehensive polygraph software platform and scoring capabilities
Stoelting CPS Elite Polygraph Systems
Technical overview of Stoelting's current-generation hardware with built-in display and touchscreen alerts
Axciton Computerised Polygraph
Multi-channel digital data acquisition system with integrated Motion Sensor Pad technology for countermeasure detection. Designed for accurate data collection in government, law enforcement, and private practice settings. Known for reliable hardware and countermeasure-focused engineering.
STAR + WhiteStar Scoring
Axciton's proprietary STAR algorithm provides statistical pre-screening alongside examiner-led scoring. The WhiteStar system is unique to Axciton hardware. Data can also be exported in pREFORMAT for cross-platform analysis in CPSpro Fusion or other scoring systems.
ParagonX Pro Suite
9-channel high-resolution system with premium connectors, integrated PPG channel, movement monitoring, and the Polygraph Pro Suite software featuring online medical dictionary, automatic EDA modes, ReportBuilder+, and ESS-M automated scoring. Compatible with Lafayette's LXEdge platform.
Polygraph Pro Suite 3.0
Feature-rich software with intuitive UI, text-to-speech question delivery, integrated ESS-M interpreter, medical reference library, automatic EDA mode switching, and comprehensive report generation. Designed for clinical and high-volume testing environments.
Side-by-Side Comparison
| Feature | Lafayette LX6 | Stoelting CPS Elite | Axciton | Limestone ParagonX |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data Channels | 10 | 8 | 8 | 9 |
| Max Sample Rate | 360 sps | 300 sps | 300 sps | 600+ Hz/ch |
| A/D Conversion | 32-bit | 24-bit | 24-bit | 24-bit |
| PPG Channel | ✓ Dedicated | ✓ Optional | ✓ Optional | ✓ Dedicated |
| Activity Sensors | ✓ Seat + Feet | ✓ Motion Pad | ✓ Motion Sensor Pad | ✓ Integrated |
| Built-in Display | — | ✓ Touchscreen | — | — |
| Quick-Release Connectors | ✓ Fischer | Standard | Standard | ✓ Premium |
| Primary Software | LXSoftware / LXEdge | CPSpro Fusion | Axciton Suite | Polygraph Pro Suite |
| Scoring Algorithms | OSS-3, ESS-M, PolyScore | CPS, PolyScore | STAR, WhiteStar | ESS-M, OSS-3 |
| Cross-Platform Import | ✓ pREFORMAT | ✓ pREFORMAT | ✓ Export only | ✓ pREFORMAT |
| Medical Safety | Medical-grade isolation | Standard isolation | Standard isolation | Standard isolation |
| Best For | Federal, LE, Private | Training, Military, LE | CI, Single-Issue, Govt | PCSOT, Clinical, Volume |
| Headquarters | Lafayette, IN | Wood Dale, IL | Houston, TX | Kingston, ON (now Lafayette) |
Required Polygraph Sensors & Components
Pneumograph Tubes
Rubber tubes placed around the chest (thoracic) and abdomen measuring respiratory activity — breathing rate, depth, amplitude, and pattern changes.
Blood Pressure Cuff
Cardio cuff on the upper arm recording cardiovascular activity — relative blood pressure changes, pulse rate, and pulse amplitude. Uses sphygmomanometer gauge.
EDA Sensors
Finger plates or adhesive electrodes measuring electrodermal activity (skin conductance/resistance). The most diagnostically powerful single channel in polygraph testing.
Activity Sensors
Motion sensors placed on the seat, under arms, or under feet detecting body movements and physical countermeasure attempts during the examination.
Computer Interface
Data Acquisition System converting analog sensor signals to digital data for display, recording, and analysis on the computer via proprietary software.
Polygraph Software
Proprietary software for data collection, chart display, question management, scoring, and report generation. Each manufacturer has its own platform.
Plethysmograph
Finger or earlobe sensor measuring blood volume changes and pulse amplitude. Records vasomotor constriction patterns. An optional fifth physiological channel.
Thumb Cuff
A smaller alternative to the standard arm blood pressure cuff, attached to the thumb. Used when the standard cardio cuff cannot be applied to the arm.
Software Platforms & Scoring Algorithms
LXSoftware & LXEdge
Windows-based platform compatible with LX4000, LX5000, LX6, LX7, and Paragon series. Features the Respiration Line Excursion (RLE) tool, ESS-M Interpreter, audio/video synchronisation, report generation, and Mac support via Parallels. LXEdge is the next-generation platform designed for improved examination efficiency.
CPSpro Fusion
Comprehensive software platform with dynamic question editor, advanced chart recorder, multimedia stimulus support, customisable templates, and secure archiving. Imports data from Axciton, Lafayette, and Limestone via pREFORMAT. Touchscreen alert system enhances countermeasure awareness on CPS Elite hardware.
Axciton Suite + STAR
Proprietary platform with embedded operating system and STAR (Statistical Test Analysis Report) algorithm — unique to Axciton hardware. WhiteStar scoring system provides additional automated analysis. Data exportable in pREFORMAT for cross-platform use. Focused on countermeasure detection and single-issue diagnostic testing.
Polygraph Pro Suite 3.0
Feature-rich platform with online medical dictionary, automatic EDA modes (GSR/GSC switching), ReportBuilder+ for efficient report generation, text-to-speech question delivery, and integrated ESS-M scoring interpreter. Now also compatible with Lafayette's LXEdge platform following the 2022 acquisition.
Key Innovations in Polygraph Instrumentation
Larson Builds the First True Polygraph
John Larson at UC Berkeley constructs the first instrument to continuously record multiple physiological channels simultaneously — respiratory and cardiovascular data — during police questioning.
Keeler Adds Galvanic Skin Response
Leonarde Keeler adds the EDA (galvanic skin response) channel to the existing cardiovascular and respiratory components, creating the multi-channel instrument recognisable as the modern polygraph. The Keeler Polygraph becomes the industry standard.
Lafayette Instrument Company Founded
Max Wastl establishes Lafayette Instrument Company in Indiana. Initially producing psychology instruments, the company would become the world's largest polygraph manufacturer.
Lafayette's First Examiner's Polygraph
Lafayette introduces the Model 76056 — the first polygraph instrument to use double pneumographs (thoracic and abdominal), becoming the new standard for respiratory measurement.
Stoelting Polyscribe — First Fully Electronic
Stoelting releases the Polyscribe, the first fully electronic polygraph instrument, replacing purely mechanical pen-and-paper recording. The Ultrascribe follows in 1979.
Axciton Launches First Commercial Digital System
Axciton Corporation in Houston develops the first commercially viable computerised polygraph system, incorporating both software and hardware. Collaboration with Johns Hopkins APL produces the PolyScore algorithm.
University of Utah — CPS Algorithm
Raskin and Kircher at the University of Utah develop the Computerised Polygraph System (CPS) scoring algorithm, enabling automated statistical classification of polygraph data. Begins the era of evidence-based digital scoring.
Stoelting Enters Digital Era
Stoelting launches its first scoring algorithm and begins the transition from analog to digital systems. The CPSpro software platform evolves into the industry-standard Fusion version.
OSS-3 Algorithm Published
Nelson, Krapohl, and Handler publish the free, open-source Objective Scoring System version 3 — demonstrating accuracy exceeding 90% and outperforming most human scorers. Transforms polygraph data analysis across all platforms.
Lafayette Launches PEAK Training Center
Lafayette establishes the PEAK Credibility Assessment Training Center in Cape Coral, Florida, offering APA-compliant examiner training focused on scientific integrity and modern instrumentation.
Lafayette Acquires Limestone Technologies
Lafayette Instrument Company acquires Canadian manufacturer Limestone Technologies, uniting the LX6 and ParagonX product lines under a single company. LXEdge software platform designed for cross-system compatibility.
AI-Assisted Analysis & High-Fidelity Systems
Modern polygraph systems exceed 600 Hz/channel sampling, integrate validated algorithms (OSS-3, PolyScore, ESS-M, STAR), and support AI-enhanced statistical pre-screening alongside examiner-led scoring. All major manufacturers now produce exclusively digital instruments.
Choosing a Polygraph System
Testing Context
Match the system to your primary testing environment. Federal and counterintelligence work may favour Axciton's countermeasure focus. PCSOT and clinical programs may benefit from Limestone's high-resolution waveforms. General private practice is well-served by Lafayette's broad ecosystem.
Scoring Compatibility
Ensure the system supports the validated scoring algorithms you plan to use. OSS-3 and ESS-M are available on Lafayette and Limestone platforms. PolyScore runs on Lafayette and Stoelting. Axciton's STAR is proprietary. Cross-platform data export via pREFORMAT enables second-opinion scoring.
Agency Compliance
Federal agencies may specify approved manufacturers or software platforms. Verify that your chosen system meets the requirements of your agency, state licensing board, and APA/ASTM standards before committing to a purchase.
Software Ecosystem
Evaluate the complete software package — not just chart recording, but question templates, report generation, audio/video sync, quality control tools, and scoring integration. Modern platforms like LXEdge and CPSpro Fusion offer comprehensive examination management.
Training & Support
Consider the manufacturer's training offerings, technical support, software updates, and user community. Lafayette's PEAK Training Center and Stoelting's training partnerships offer hands-on instruction with their specific instruments.
Upgrade & Trade-In
All major manufacturers offer trade-in or upgrade programmes for existing systems. Limestone's ParagonX offers up to $2,700 in trade credit for older models or competitor systems. Lafayette's LX6 upgrade path preserves existing accessories and sensor investments.
All our examiners use state-of-the-art polygraph equipment. Every lie detector test across our 140+ locations is conducted using current-generation digital instruments from major manufacturers, with validated scoring algorithms and full quality control review. See our all-inclusive pricing or contact us for questions about the equipment used at your nearest location.
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