Why does a polygraph examiner's bookshelf matter? The difference between a competent examiner and an exceptional one often comes down to depth of knowledge. Polygraph science has evolved dramatically since Larson's first instrument in 1921 — from analog chart analysis to computerized scoring algorithms, from Control Question Tests to the validated Concealed Information Test. The examiners who stay current with published research, understand the limitations of their tools, and can articulate the science behind their conclusions are the ones courts trust, attorneys respect, and clients rely on.
This library covers the full spectrum: foundational textbooks used in APA-accredited training programs, peer-reviewed scientific assessments of polygraph validity, deception science beyond the instrument, behavioral analysis and interviewing methodology, plus critical perspectives that every well-rounded examiner should know. Whether you're a student entering the field, a practicing examiner deepening your expertise, an attorney preparing for a case involving polygraph evidence, or a researcher studying credibility assessment — we've identified the essential reading for your path.
Our top three recommendations for building a strong foundation in polygraph science and practice.
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Browse by category or click any title for our full in-depth review with chapter breakdowns, author bios, reader reviews, and citation guides.
Core polygraph textbooks used in APA-accredited training programs. These are the foundational references every working examiner should own — covering technique, scoring, chart interpretation, and pre-test interview methodology.
Peer-reviewed scientific assessments of polygraph validity and reliability. These volumes examine the physiological basis of deception detection, evaluate competing techniques, and synthesize decades of laboratory and field research.
Broader deception science beyond the polygraph instrument. Topics include verbal and nonverbal cue detection, the Concealed Information Test (CIT), Truth-Default Theory, and the psychology of why humans are poor lie detectors.
Understanding facial expressions, body language, and micro-expressions in the context of credibility assessment. These works bridge scientific research with practical observation skills used in interviews and examinations.
Structured interviewing and interrogation methodologies including the Reid Technique, Cognitive Interview, and evidence-based approaches. Essential reading for examiners, investigators, attorneys, and HR professionals.
How neuroscience intersects with lie detection — from fMRI-based deception research to critical analysis of brain-based truth verification claims. Important context for understanding the future direction of credibility assessment technology.
The fascinating history of the polygraph from its invention to Cold War espionage applications, CIA field operations, and the cultural impact of lie detection on American society and law enforcement.
Critical and skeptical perspectives on polygraph testing. These works challenge assumptions about polygraph accuracy and raise important questions that every examiner should understand and be prepared to address.
Editor's Choice Professional Textbooks
Donald J. Krapohl & Pamela K. Shaw
2015 Academic Press / Elsevier Intermediate
Polygraph ExaminersAttorneys & LegalResearchers
The modern evidence-based textbook for polygraph practice, bridging outdated methods with today's validated testing and analysis protocols.
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Editor's Choice Professional Textbooks
James Allan Matte
1996 J.A.M. Publications Advanced
Polygraph ExaminersAttorneys & LegalResearchers
The legendary 800-page "bible" of forensic psychophysiology — the most comprehensive single volume ever written on polygraph science and practice.
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Professional Textbooks
James Allan Matte
1980 Charles C. Thomas Intermediate
Polygraph ExaminersResearchers
Matte's first major text — a foundational work on polygraph methodology predating his landmark 800-page volume.
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Editor's Choice Professional Textbooks
Nathan J. Gordon
2017 CRC Press / Routledge Intermediate
Polygraph ExaminersAttorneys & LegalResearchers
A comprehensive guide to modern polygraph practice featuring the Integrated Zone Comparison Technique (IZCT) developed by the author.
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Professional Textbooks
Tuvia Shurany & Nathan J. Gordon
2015 CreateSpace Intermediate
Polygraph Examiners
A focused manual on the pre-test interview — the foundation of every quality polygraph examination.
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Professional Textbooks
James Allan Matte
2000 J.A.M. Publications Advanced
Attorneys & LegalPolygraph Examiners
A specialized legal companion for attorneys and expert witnesses navigating polygraph testimony in court.
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Editor's Choice Scientific & Academic
National Research Council (National Academy of Sciences)
2003 National Academies Press Advanced
ResearchersAttorneys & LegalPolygraph ExaminersGeneral Public
The landmark NRC report — the most authoritative independent scientific review of polygraph validity ever conducted.
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Editor's Choice Scientific & Academic
David C. Raskin, Charles R. Honts & John C. Kircher (Editors)
2014 Academic Press / Elsevier Advanced
ResearchersPolygraph ExaminersAttorneys & Legal
The modern successor to the Kleiner handbook, expanding beyond polygraph to cover the full spectrum of credibility assessment technologies.
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Scientific & Academic
Murray Kleiner (Editor)
2002 Academic Press / Elsevier Advanced
ResearchersPolygraph ExaminersAttorneys & Legal
The foundational academic handbook with 12 expert-contributed chapters spanning the full breadth of polygraph research and practice.
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Scientific & Academic
Gershon Ben-Shakhar & John J. Furedy
1990 Sage Publications Advanced
ResearchersAttorneys & Legal
An important early scientific analysis of polygraph validity by two leading psychophysiology researchers — one of whom later co-authored the definitive CIT book.
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Scientific & Academic
Stanley Abrams
1989 Lexington Books Intermediate
Polygraph ExaminersResearchers
A comprehensive practitioner's guide by a pioneer in post-conviction sex offender polygraph testing (PCSOT).
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Editor's Choice Deception Science
Pär Anders Granhag, Aldert Vrij & Bruno Verschuere (Editors)
2015 Wiley Advanced
ResearchersPolygraph ExaminersAttorneys & Legal
State-of-the-art guide covering cognitive psychology-based approaches to deception detection, from polygraph to verbal analysis and emerging methods.
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Editor's Choice Deception Science
Aldert Vrij
2008 (2nd edition) Wiley Intermediate
ResearchersPolygraph ExaminersAttorneys & LegalGeneral Public
The most comprehensive single-author review of deception detection research — covering nonverbal, verbal, and physiological approaches.
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Deception Science
Bruno Verschuere, Gershon Ben-Shakhar & Ewout Meijer (Editors)
2011 Cambridge University Press Advanced
ResearchersPolygraph Examiners
The definitive reference on the Concealed Information Test (CIT) — an alternative to traditional polygraph based on recognition of hidden knowledge.
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Deception Science
J. Peter Rosenfeld (Editor)
2018 Academic Press / Elsevier Advanced
Researchers
The latest comprehensive collection of research on concealed information detection — EEG, ERP, fMRI, autonomic measures, verbal tools, and legal implications.
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Deception Science
Timothy R. Levine
2019 University of Alabama Press Intermediate
ResearchersGeneral PublicPolygraph Examiners
A paradigm-shifting theory explaining why humans are surprisingly bad at detecting deception — and why that's actually adaptive.
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Editor's Choice Behavioral Analysis
Paul Ekman
2009 (revised edition) W.W. Norton Beginner
General PublicPolygraph ExaminersAttorneys & LegalResearchers
The seminal work on deception detection through facial expressions, body language, and voice — from the scientist whose research inspired the TV series Lie to Me.
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Behavioral Analysis
Paul Ekman
2003 W.W. Norton Beginner
General PublicPolygraph Examiners
Ekman's companion to Telling Lies — a deep dive into recognizing and understanding emotions through the Facial Action Coding System (FACS).
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Behavioral Analysis
Joe Navarro
2008 William Morrow / HarperCollins Beginner
General PublicPolygraph Examiners
A bestselling practical guide to reading nonverbal behavior from a former FBI counterintelligence agent with 25 years of field experience.
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Behavioral Analysis
Pamela Meyer
2010 St. Martin's Griffin Beginner
General PublicPolygraph Examiners
A popular science approach to deception detection combining facial coding, body language, and interviewing strategies — from the speaker behind a 30M+ views TED talk.
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Interviewing & Interrogation
Nathan J. Gordon & William L. Fleisher
2011 (3rd edition) Academic Press / Elsevier Intermediate
Polygraph ExaminersAttorneys & LegalResearchers
A comprehensive guide to the Forensic Assessment Interview Technique (FAINT) and Integrated Interrogation Technique from two leading polygraph-trained investigators.
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Editor's Choice Interviewing & Interrogation
Fred E. Inbau, John E. Reid, Joseph P. Buckley & Brian C. Jayne
2013 (5th edition) Jones & Bartlett Learning Intermediate
Polygraph ExaminersAttorneys & LegalResearchers
The foundational text on the Reid Technique — the world's most widely taught interrogation method, directly rooted in polygraph practice.
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Interviewing & Interrogation
David E. Zulawski & Douglas E. Wicklander
2001 (2nd edition) CRC Press Intermediate
Polygraph ExaminersAttorneys & Legal
A major alternative to the Reid approach — widely adopted in corporate, loss prevention, and private sector investigations.
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Interviewing & Interrogation
Ronald P. Fisher & R. Edward Geiselman
1992 Charles C. Thomas Intermediate
Polygraph ExaminersAttorneys & LegalResearchers
The evidence-based interviewing method used by police worldwide — designed to maximize accurate recall without increasing false information.
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Editor's Choice Interviewing & Interrogation
Gísli H. Guðjónsson
2003 Wiley Advanced
Attorneys & LegalResearchersPolygraph Examiners
The definitive academic text on interrogation psychology, false confessions, and suggestibility — essential counterbalance reading for polygraph professionals.
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Neuroscience & Future
Melissa Littlefield
2011 University of Michigan Press Intermediate
ResearchersGeneral Public
The first book to explore the cultural history of lie detection technologies from phrenology to fMRI — how science, fiction, and society intersect.
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Neuroscience & Future
Sally Satel & Scott O. Lilienfeld
2013 Basic Books Beginner
General PublicAttorneys & LegalResearchers
A critical examination of neuroscience overclaims — including fMRI-based lie detection — asking what brain scans can and cannot actually tell us.
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Editor's Choice History & Memoirs
Ken Alder
2007 Free Press / Simon & Schuster Beginner
General PublicPolygraph ExaminersResearchers
An award-winning narrative history following the invention of the polygraph from the 1920s through the Cold War — and how it became America's "mechanical conscience."
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History & Memoirs
John F. Sullivan
2007 Potomac Books Beginner
General PublicPolygraph Examiners
A riveting insider account from the CIA's most prolific polygraph examiner — 31 years of testing spies, double agents, and Agency employees.
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History & Memoirs
John F. Sullivan
2002 University Press of Kansas Beginner
General PublicPolygraph Examiners
Sullivan's first book — focused specifically on CIA polygraph operations during the Vietnam War.
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History & Memoirs
Philip Houston, Michael Floyd, Susan Carnicero & Don Tennant
2012 St. Martin's Griffin Beginner
General PublicPolygraph Examiners
Three former CIA officers share the behavioural deception detection methodology they developed and used in the field.
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Critical Perspectives
David T. Lykken
1998 (2nd edition) Plenum Press Intermediate
Attorneys & LegalResearchersGeneral Public
A rigorous scientific critique of the polygraph by the psychologist who invented the Guilty Knowledge Test — arguably the most influential sceptical voice in the field.
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Critical Perspectives
George W. Maschke & Gino J. Scalabrini
5th edition AntiPolygraph.org (free download) Beginner
General Public
A freely available critical examination of the polygraph from the perspective of advocacy for reform and civil liberties.
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