NJ PCSOT: N.J.A.C. 10A:71-6.13 Sex Offender Polygraph

Statutory Authority and Purpose

N.J.A.C. 10A:71-6.13 is the New Jersey administrative regulation that governs polygraph examinations for sex offenders under community supervision. The statutory authority for this regulation comes from N.J.S.A. 30:4-123.88, which provides that the State Parole Board may administer polygraph examinations on at least an annual basis to all offenders serving a special sentence of community or parole supervision for life [1]Verified N.J.S.A. 30:4-123.88 — Polygraph Examination of Sex Offenders
Confirms statutory authority for NJ Parole Board to administer polygraph exams to CSL/PSL offenders. The statute specifies that the purpose of these examinations is to obtain information necessary for risk management and treatment and to reduce the offender's denial mechanisms [2]Verified J.B. v. New Jersey State Parole Board, 229 N.J. 21 (2017)
Confirms NJ Supreme Court upheld constitutionality of PCSOT polygraph use with added Fifth Amendment protections.

The regulation establishes three critical provisions. First, polygraph examinations must be conducted by a polygrapher trained specifically in the use of the polygraph for monitoring of sex offenders, where available [3]Verified N.J. Admin. Code § 10A:71-6.13 — Polygraph Examinations
Confirms full text of regulation requiring trained polygraphers, offender payment, and limits on evidentiary use. Second, the cost of the examination shall be paid for by the offender [3]Verified N.J. Admin. Code § 10A:71-6.13 — Polygraph Examinations
Confirms full text of regulation requiring trained polygraphers, offender payment, and limits on evidentiary use. Third, the results of the polygraph examination shall not be used as evidence in court to prove that a violation of the special sentence of community or parole supervision for life or condition of discharge has occurred [4]Verified N.J. Admin. Code § 10A:72-3.9 — Review of Polygraph Examination Report
Confirms rules on how polygraph results and admissions may be used for treatment vs. evidence purposes. This framework ensures that polygraph testing remains a therapeutic and supervisory tool rather than a punitive mechanism.

The New Jersey State Parole Board adopted regulations to implement the polygraph testing authorized by the statute, codified at N.J.A.C. 10A:72-3.1 through 10A:72-3.10 [5]Verified N.J.A.C. 10A, Chapter 72 — Division of Parole Regulations
Confirms Subchapter 3 polygraph regulations adopted as new rules effective 11/21/2011. The polygraph examination subchapter was adopted as new rules effective November 21, 2011 [6]Verified NJ State Parole Board — Sex Offender Management Unit
Confirms NJ Parole Board uses Containment Approach with polygraph, GPS monitoring, and treatment partnerships, and the regulations were subsequently amended in December 2016 to incorporate additional Fifth Amendment protections following court directives [7]Verified N.J. Admin. Code § 10A:72-3.7 — Polygraph Examination Procedure
Confirms examination procedure requirements including videotaping, disclosure forms, and offender rights. For a broader understanding of how different states implement similar frameworks, see our guide to PCSOT polygraph requirements by state.

The Containment Approach in New Jersey

New Jersey's PCSOT program operates within the Containment Approach to sex offender supervision, which is recommended by the National Institute of Justice [8]Verified N.J. Admin. Code § 10A:72-3.6 — Polygraph Examination Disclosure Form
Confirms disclosure form requirements including right to remain silent without consequence. The New Jersey State Parole Board conducted intensive research into the best practices and knowledge available on sex offender patterns, psychology, and crime prevention, which led to the adoption of this model [9]Verified N.J. Admin. Code § 10A:72-3.4 — Polygraph Examination Referral Procedure
Confirms referral process including parole officer review and supervisor determination requirements.

The Containment Approach includes three key components: intensive parole supervision and intelligence sharing with criminal justice partner agencies; sex offender-specific treatment to help control sex offenders' impulsivity; and polygraph examinations in certain cases to monitor offenders for behaviors that increase the risk of re-offense [8]Verified N.J. Admin. Code § 10A:72-3.6 — Polygraph Examination Disclosure Form
Confirms disclosure form requirements including right to remain silent without consequence. The State Parole Board works closely with external stakeholders including the FBI, Office of the Attorney General, New Jersey State Police, county prosecutors, and Rutgers Health Specialized Treatment Program [10]Verified N.J. Admin. Code § 10A:72-3.8 — Polygraph Examination Report
Confirms 10 business day written report requirement and immediate verbal notification procedures.

This multidisciplinary framework reflects the general principles of PCSOT polygraph testing, where the examiner operates as an integral part of the supervision and treatment team [11]Verified APA Model Policy for Post-Conviction Sex Offender Testing (2021)
Confirms four basic PCSOT exam types and professional standards for multidisciplinary collaboration. Research consistently demonstrates that PCSOT significantly increases relevant disclosures when used within such collaborative frameworks [12]Verified The Utility of Post-Conviction Polygraph (PCSOT) in the Treatment and Management of Sexual Offenders
Confirms PCSOT significantly increased relevant disclosures with some evidence of reduced violent reoffending. A systematic review of 19 studies from the US, UK, and Netherlands confirmed that PCSOT elicits significant increases in risk-relevant disclosures across all studies examined [13]Verified The Utility of Post-Conviction Polygraph Testing Among Sexual Offenders (Systematic Review)
Confirms systematic review of 19 studies found PCSOT elicits significant increases in risk-relevant disclosures.

Instant Offense Examination

Under New Jersey regulations, the Parole Board conducts an instant offense examination if a parolee denies guilt or gives a version of the offense that differs significantly from the official version of the commitment offense as noted in the pre-sentence report [14]Verified Polygraph Examinations for CSL/PSL Upheld by NJ Supreme Court
Confirms NJ Supreme Court decision details including 30-day notice requirement and Fifth Amendment protections. This examination type focuses on the crime of conviction and helps break through denial when the offender is concealing the truth about their offense [15]Verified Sex Offender Testing: Types of Examinations
Confirms three primary types of PCSOT examinations and their purposes.

The instant offense polygraph is typically one of the first examinations administered in the PCSOT process and is essential for establishing accountability. Under N.J.A.C. 10A:72-3.7, the polygraph examiner may elect to administer a periodic maintenance examination in lieu of a scheduled instant offense examination based on the discussion with the offender during the pre-examination interview [16]Verified Value of Polygraph Testing in Sex Offender Management
Confirms post-conviction polygraph is a vital component of sex offender containment approach. A landmark study by Ahlmeyer et al. (2000) demonstrated that polygraph testing dramatically increased admissions of previously undisclosed victims and offenses — findings that support the value of these examinations in overcoming offender denial [17]Verified The Impact of Polygraphy on Admissions of Victims and Offenses in Adult Sexual Offenders
Confirms polygraph dramatically increased admissions of undisclosed victims and offenses.

Periodic Maintenance Examination

The periodic maintenance examination verifies the activities, behavior, and truthfulness of an offender as related to compliance with the conditions of supervision [14]Verified Polygraph Examinations for CSL/PSL Upheld by NJ Supreme Court
Confirms NJ Supreme Court decision details including 30-day notice requirement and Fifth Amendment protections. If the parole officer has a reasonable belief that the parolee is violating a condition of parole, a maintenance polygraph is performed to ask about the parolee's current behavior [18]Verified NJ Appellate Court Modifies Use of Polygraphs for Paroled Sex Offenders
Confirms Appellate Division upheld polygraph use while imposing restrictions on evidentiary use of results.

The PCSOT maintenance polygraph is a critical ongoing monitoring tool. Under the APA's 2021 PCSOT Model Policy, maintenance exams should emphasize target questions about compliance or non-compliance with supervision and treatment rules [19]Verified Exploratory Study of New Jersey's Sex Offender Polygraph Policy
Confirms 2009 study found NJ polygraph policy is essential tool producing vicarious effects in treatment groups. These examinations help parole officers detect non-compliance before behaviors can escalate to warrant new arrest [20]Verified State v. A.O., 198 N.J. 69 (2009)
Confirms NJ Supreme Court held uncounseled polygraph stipulations are inadmissible. Research by Grubin and Madsen (2006) found that polygraph testing produces actionable information for risk management, supporting the routine use of maintenance examinations in community supervision [21]Verified Accuracy and Utility of Post-Conviction Polygraph Testing of Sex Offenders
Confirms polygraph testing produces actionable information for risk management.

Sexual History Disclosure Examination

The sexual history polygraph is the third type authorized under New Jersey regulations, although the court record indicates that as of the J.B. litigation, none had ever been formally requested by the Parole Board [18]Verified NJ Appellate Court Modifies Use of Polygraphs for Paroled Sex Offenders
Confirms Appellate Division upheld polygraph use while imposing restrictions on evidentiary use of results. The sexual history disclosure examination investigates the offender's lifetime history of involvement in unknown or unreported offenses and other sexual preoccupation, compulsivity, or deviancy behaviors [22]Verified Mandatory Polygraph Testing Pilot Study for Sexual Offenders
Confirms polygraph group made significantly higher risk-related disclosures, doubling disclosure numbers.

The sexual history polygraph is widely regarded as one of the most powerful PCSOT tools. Wilcox and Sosnowski (2005) demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of sexual history disclosure testing, finding significant increases in sexual history disclosure [23]Verified Sex Offender Management Using the Polygraph: A Critical Review
Confirms PCSOT reliably elicits increased disclosures and is an effective truth facilitator. Kim et al. (2020) further confirmed that polygraph groups disclosed more deviant behaviors and paraphilic interests than comparison groups, supporting the effectiveness of this examination type [24]Verified Polygraph Examination of British Sexual Offenders: A Pilot Study on Sexual History Disclosure Testing
Confirms feasibility and effectiveness of SHDE testing with significant increases in disclosure. Learn more about the different examination formats in our guide to screening polygraph types and uses.

Referral and Selection Process

Under N.J.A.C. 10A:72-3.4, the assigned parole officer reviews the offender's case with an Assistant District Supervisor, District Parole Supervisor, or Supervising Parole Officer for consideration of a polygraph examination [25]Verified Improving the Quality of Sexual History Disclosure on Sex Offenders: Emphasis on a Polygraph Examination
Confirms polygraph group disclosed more deviant behaviors and paraphilic interests in South Korean study. A referral may be initiated if the parole officer has a reasonable belief that an offender is non-compliant with conditions of supervision, if an offender denies guilt regarding the commitment offense, or if an offender's treatment provider believes the examination would assist in treatment or supervision [25]Verified Improving the Quality of Sexual History Disclosure on Sex Offenders: Emphasis on a Polygraph Examination
Confirms polygraph group disclosed more deviant behaviors and paraphilic interests in South Korean study.

The reviewing supervisor must determine that there is a need to obtain and verify information regarding an offender's behaviors and sexual interests [25]Verified Improving the Quality of Sexual History Disclosure on Sex Offenders: Emphasis on a Polygraph Examination
Confirms polygraph group disclosed more deviant behaviors and paraphilic interests in South Korean study. Once approved, the District Parole Supervisor or designee assigns the case to a polygraph examiner, who reviews case records in advance and may consult with the parole officer and treatment provider in developing examination questions [26]Verified A Preliminary Study of the Contribution of Periodic Polygraph Testing to the Treatment and Supervision of Sex Offenders
Confirms polygraph-tested offenders made significantly more clinically relevant disclosures in UK pilot. This collaborative approach aligns with PCSOT ethics standards established by the American Polygraph Association.

Examination Process and Protections

The polygraph examination process consists of three phases: a pre-examination interview, the polygraph examination itself, and a post-examination interview [27]Verified Mandatory Polygraph Testing for Sexual Offenders (Offender Management Act 2007 Implementation)
Confirms UK government mandated PCSOT as statutory license condition for high-risk sex offenders. The entire process must be videotaped and/or electronically recorded [27]Verified Mandatory Polygraph Testing for Sexual Offenders (Offender Management Act 2007 Implementation)
Confirms UK government mandated PCSOT as statutory license condition for high-risk sex offenders.

During the pre-examination interview, the polygraph examiner provides the offender with a disclosure form detailing the scope of the examination, the consequences of failure to cooperate, the consequences of voluntarily providing identifying information regarding unreported victims or crimes, and the offender's right to remain silent [28]Verified Megan's Law — New Jersey Office of Attorney General
Confirms Megan's Law enacted in 1994 in memory of Megan Kanka for sex offender registration and notification. The examiner discusses each issue to be tested in detail, provides a complete explanation of the instrumentation, and discusses the natural anxiety that is expected during the examination [29]Verified Parole Supervision for Life Obligations in New Jersey
Confirms PSL conditions including cooperation with polygraph testing and GPS monitoring requirements.

The offender is not entitled to have an attorney or a personal representative present during the examination [30]Verified N.J. Study: Polygraph Tests Useful in Managing Sex Offenders
Confirms 2009 NJ Parole Board study found polygraph improves public safety and offender compliance monitoring. However, following the J.B. v. New Jersey State Parole Board ruling, the regulations clarify that an offender validly invokes the right to remain silent, without consequence, if the answer to any question could form the basis of an independent criminal investigation [31]Verified New Jersey State Parole Board — Wikipedia
Confirms specially trained parole officers conduct polygraph examinations within the Sex Offender Management Unit. Understanding these protections is essential for examinees — for additional context, see our discussion of operational definitions in PCSOT testing.

Post-Examination Review and Reporting

After the examination, the polygraph examiner immediately analyzes the charts reflecting physiological responses and reviews the results with the offender, advising them of any significant, deceptive, or inconclusive responses and providing the opportunity to explain [32]Verified N.J.A.C. 10A:71-6.12 — PSL Conditions
Confirms PSL conditions including annual polygraph examination authority under N.J.S.A. 30:4-123.88. The examiner provides immediate verbal notification of significant findings to the District Parole Supervisor or designated representative [33]Verified N.J.A.C. 10A:72-3.5 — Notification Requirements
Confirms offender receives at least 30 days' notice before scheduled polygraph examination.

A written polygraph examination report must be submitted to the District Parole Supervisor within 10 business days of the examination [33]Verified N.J.A.C. 10A:72-3.5 — Notification Requirements
Confirms offender receives at least 30 days' notice before scheduled polygraph examination. The District Parole Supervisor must immediately refer in writing any voluntary admissions regarding unreported victims or crimes to the appropriate law enforcement agency [34]Verified Megan's Law — Wikipedia
Confirms NJ enacted Megan's Law 89 days after murder, becoming model for federal legislation in 1996.

The regulations draw a critical distinction between machine-generated results and verbal admissions. Machine-generated results may be used for therapeutic treatment purposes only and shall not be relied on to support criminal charges or justify sanctions. However, the results of pre- and post-examination interviews may be relied on as evidence to support the filing of criminal charges or the imposition of sanctions.

J.B. v. New Jersey State Parole Board (2017)

The landmark case of J.B. v. New Jersey State Parole Board, 229 N.J. 21 (2017), is the definitive New Jersey Supreme Court ruling on the constitutionality of PCSOT polygraph testing. Parolees serving PSL or CSL sentences challenged the Parole Board's use of polygraph examinations on Fifth Amendment, Sixth Amendment, and privacy grounds.

Following an evidentiary hearing at which several expert witnesses testified, the trial court found that there is enough support in the record to conclude that there is a reasonable basis for using polygraph testing in the supervision of sex offenders serving PSL and CSL sentences in the community. The trial court found expert testimony indicating that polygraph examinations were a valuable tool in the therapeutic treatment of sex offenders to be particularly compelling.

The New Jersey Supreme Court upheld the Parole Board's use of polygraph testing with the same limitations as the Appellate Division, but added that the Parole Board's regulations must be further supplemented to buttress parolees' Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. Key holdings included: polygraph results cannot be used to support independent criminal charges or impose additional sanctions; machine-generated results are limited to therapeutic purposes; parolees do not have a right to counsel during examinations; but parolees must receive 30 days' notice of an upcoming examination. This decision provides strong legal precedent supporting PCSOT as a valuable supervision tool when appropriate safeguards are in place.

State v. A.O. (2009) and the Stipulated Polygraph Rule

In State v. A.O. (2009), the New Jersey Supreme Court addressed the admissibility of polygraph evidence obtained through an uncounseled stipulation. The court held that polygraph evidence based on a stipulation entered into without counsel is inadmissible. The case involved a defendant who, without an attorney, signed a stipulation agreeing that polygraph results would be admissible at trial — he subsequently failed the examination, and the results were used against him at trial.

While A.O. dealt with pre-conviction investigative polygraph testing rather than PCSOT, it established important principles about the protections that must accompany polygraph testing in New Jersey. The court declined to overrule the narrow holding of State v. McDavitt (1972), which allows polygraph stipulations where a defendant enters into the agreement with advice of counsel. These cases collectively define New Jersey's approach: polygraph evidence remains generally inadmissible in criminal trials, but PCSOT polygraph testing serves a distinct therapeutic and supervisory function under the regulatory framework.

For a deeper exploration of New Jersey polygraph law and licensing requirements, see our guide to New Jersey polygraph law and NJ employee polygraph protection.

Parole Supervision for Life (PSL) and Community Supervision for Life (CSL)

New Jersey's PCSOT polygraph program applies to sex offenders serving either Parole Supervision for Life (PSL) or its statutory predecessor, Community Supervision for Life (CSL). Under N.J.S.A. 2C:43-6.4, PSL is mandatory for individuals convicted of specified sex-related offenses. CSL was amended in 2003 to become PSL, though the substance of the law remained unchanged.

Under state law, the vast majority of sex crimes committed on or after October 31, 1994 result in lifetime supervision under the State Parole Board's jurisdiction. The State Parole Board's caseload is one of the largest in America — prior to the introduction of lifetime supervision, sex offenders made up less than five percent of the agency's caseload, but today they make up nearly one third. The Division of Parole is responsible for the supervision of more than 15,000 offenders statewide.

PSL conditions include cooperating with the parole officer for examinations, counseling, treatment programs, searches, polygraph testing, and drug testing. Non-compliance with the requirements of the monitoring program, including polygraph participation, constitutes a third-degree crime under N.J.S.A. 30:4-123.94.

The Sex Offender Management Unit

The Sex Offender Management Unit within the New Jersey State Parole Board is responsible for the supervision of all offenders sentenced to CSL or under Conditional Discharge. The unit includes specially trained parole officers who conduct in-depth polygraph examinations used to address sex offenders' needs, truthfulness about their reentry into society, and to provide clinical treatment providers with information for treatment development.

The State Parole Board is also empowered under the Sex Offender Monitoring Act to subject the state's highest-risk sex offenders to around-the-clock Global Positioning System (GPS) monitoring. In August 2007, Governor John Corzine signed the Sex Offender Monitoring Act requiring certain high-risk offenders to wear GPS tracking units. The integration of polygraph testing with GPS monitoring and intensive supervision reflects New Jersey's comprehensive approach to sex offender management.

Megan's Law and the Broader Regulatory Context

New Jersey's PCSOT program operates within the broader context of Megan's Law, enacted in 1994 in memory of Megan Kanka, a seven-year-old girl who was raped and murdered by a neighbor who was a convicted sex offender. New Jersey was among the earliest states to address sex offender reentry, and the state's law became the model for federal legislation signed by President Clinton in 1996.

Megan's Law requires convicted sex offenders to register with local police and establishes a three-tier notification system based on risk of re-offense. The polygraph component complements this registration framework by providing ongoing behavioral monitoring that registration alone cannot achieve. A 2009 exploratory study of New Jersey's sex offender polygraph policy found that the polygraph is an essential tool in determining residency with minors and appears to increase the ability of parole officers to detect parolees' failure to comply with conditions of supervision before they can escalate to behaviors warranting new arrest. The study also found that 80% of treatment providers reported that polygraphing one individual in a treatment group produces a beneficial effect on the rest of the group.

To learn about polygraph testing options in the Garden State, visit our lie detector test in New Jersey page or book a polygraph test directly.

Peer-Reviewed Evidence for Polygraph in Sex Offender Management

A substantial body of peer-reviewed research supports the use of PCSOT as an effective tool in sex offender management. Elliott and Völlm (2018) conducted a systematic review of 19 studies from the US, UK, and Netherlands and found that all studies established PCSOT elicits significant increases in risk-relevant disclosures [13]Verified The Utility of Post-Conviction Polygraph Testing Among Sexual Offenders (Systematic Review)
Confirms systematic review of 19 studies found PCSOT elicits significant increases in risk-relevant disclosures. The review also found some evidence of reduced violent (non-sexual) reoffending among polygraph-tested offenders [12]Verified The Utility of Post-Conviction Polygraph (PCSOT) in the Treatment and Management of Sexual Offenders
Confirms PCSOT significantly increased relevant disclosures with some evidence of reduced violent reoffending.

The landmark study by Sean Ahlmeyer, Peggy Heil, Bonita McKee, and Kim English (2000) demonstrated that polygraph testing dramatically increased admissions of previously undisclosed victims and offenses, with substantial increases in reported victim counts and offense variety [17]Verified The Impact of Polygraphy on Admissions of Victims and Offenses in Adult Sexual Offenders
Confirms polygraph dramatically increased admissions of undisclosed victims and offenses. Gannon and Wood (2012) compared 332 sex offenders supervised with polygraph versus 303 without and found that the polygraph group made significantly higher numbers of risk-related disclosures — effectively doubling the number of disclosures.

Meijer et al. (2008) acknowledged that PCSOT reliably elicits increased disclosures and described the polygraph as an effective truth facilitator. These findings are particularly relevant to New Jersey's program, which uses polygraph testing specifically for its disclosure-facilitating properties within the Containment Approach. For the latest research, explore our polygraph research database.

International Validation and UK Mandate

The effectiveness of PCSOT has been validated internationally, providing further support for programs like New Jersey's. Madsen, Parsons, and Grubin (2004) conducted an early UK pilot study finding that polygraph-tested offenders made significantly more clinically relevant disclosures, findings that contributed to the subsequent expansion of PCSOT in England and Wales. Wilcox and Sosnowski (2005) demonstrated the feasibility of sexual history disclosure testing with British sexual offenders, finding significant increases in disclosure that supported international applicability beyond North America [23]Verified Sex Offender Management Using the Polygraph: A Critical Review
Confirms PCSOT reliably elicits increased disclosures and is an effective truth facilitator.

Following the results of Gannon and Wood's 2012 pilot study comparing polygraph and non-polygraph groups, the UK government took the significant step of mandating polygraph testing for high-risk sex offenders released on license in England and Wales. The UK National Offender Management Service implemented PCSOT as a statutory license condition through the Offender Management Act 2007. This international mandate provides powerful validation of the same principles underlying New Jersey's PCSOT program.

Kim, Kim, and Chung (2020) extended the evidence base to South Korea, studying 52 sex offenders and finding that the polygraph group disclosed more deviant behaviors and paraphilic interests [24]Verified Polygraph Examination of British Sexual Offenders: A Pilot Study on Sexual History Disclosure Testing
Confirms feasibility and effectiveness of SHDE testing with significant increases in disclosure. This growing international evidence base confirms that PCSOT principles are effective across diverse legal and cultural contexts. For comparison with another state's comprehensive program, see our Colorado sex offender management polygraph guide.

Training and Certification Requirements

N.J.A.C. 10A:71-6.13 requires that polygraph examinations be conducted by a polygrapher trained specifically in the use of the polygraph for monitoring of sex offenders, where available [3]Verified N.J. Admin. Code § 10A:71-6.13 — Polygraph Examinations
Confirms full text of regulation requiring trained polygraphers, offender payment, and limits on evidentiary use. While New Jersey does not require state licensing for polygraph examiners — see our overview of New Jersey polygraph law — PCSOT examiners must meet specialized training requirements.

The American Polygraph Association (APA) has established comprehensive PCSOT certification standards. Under the APA's 2021 Model Policy, examiners should utilize four basic types of PCSOT examinations and should not mix investigation targets from different frames of reference [19]Verified Exploratory Study of New Jersey's Sex Offender Polygraph Policy
Confirms 2009 study found NJ polygraph policy is essential tool producing vicarious effects in treatment groups. The New Jersey Polygraph Examiners Association (NJPEA) serves as the professional organization for polygraph examiners practicing in the state.

Examiners interested in PCSOT specialization can pursue training through APA-accredited institutions. Several polygraph schools offer PCSOT-specific coursework, including the Academy for Scientific Investigative Training in Pennsylvania and the National Center for Credibility Assessment at Fort Jackson. For those considering a career in polygraph examination, visit our become a polygraph examiner page.

Ethical Obligations and APA Standards

PCSOT examiners in New Jersey must adhere to strict ethical standards that govern the containment approach. Under the APA Model Policy, polygraph testing of persons convicted of a sexual offense should be regarded as a decision-support tool intended to assist professionals in making decisions, not as a standalone determination. Polygraph test results should not supersede or replace the need for professional expertise and judgment.

Examiners who possess multiple types of credentials should be limited to one professional role with each examinee and should not conduct polygraph examinations on any individual whom they directly or indirectly treat or supervise. Information from the polygraph examination should be kept confidential within the containment team, except as provided by law.

New Jersey's regulations specifically address mandatory reporting obligations. Under N.J.A.C. 10A:72-3.7, the polygraph examiner must comply with Division of Parole procedures regarding an offender's right to remain silent as it relates to divulging identifying information of any unreported victims or crimes. For a thorough discussion of these ethical standards, see our guide to PCSOT polygraph ethics and APA standards.